Template Metaprogramming: Type Traits Part 1 CppCon 2020 1 Jody Hagins
 jhagins@maystreet.com 
 coachhagins@gmail.comTemplate Metaprogramming: Type Traits CppCon 2020 2 IntroductionIntended Audience necessarily beginner to C++, but beginner to traditional template metaprogramming techniques • Type traits part of standard library for ~10 years 3Intended Audience • Beginner/Intermediate • Gentle necessarily beginner to C++, but beginner to traditional template metaprogramming techniques • Type traits part of standard library for ~10 years • Fundamentals have been in use for ~20 years 3Intended

Back to Basics Designing Classes (part 1 of 2) Klaus Iglberger, CppCon 2021 klaus.iglberger@gmx.de2 Klaus Iglberger C++ Trainer/Consultant Author of the C++ math library (Co-)Organizer Beck, TDD by Example)The Challenge of Class Design 10 Guideline: Design classes for easy change. Guideline: Design classes for easy extensions.Design Guidelines 11 Back to Basics: Class Design (Part ) const; 23 Using inheritance naively to solve our problem easily leads to … … many derived classes; … ridiculous class names; … deep inheritance hierarchies; … duplication between similar implementations

Back to Basics Designing Classes (part 1 of 2) Klaus Iglberger, CppCon 2021 klaus.iglberger@gmx.de2 Klaus Iglberger C++ Trainer/Consultant Author of the C++ math library (Co-)Organizer default constructor … • initializes all data members of class (user-defined) type … • but not the data members of fundamental type. struct Widget { int i; std::string s; int* pi; }; int default constructor … • initializes all data members of class (user-defined) type … • but not the data members of fundamental type. struct Widget { Widget() {} int i; std::string s; int*

Jumps Classes and Objects Classes and Inheritance Properties and Fields Interfaces Visibility Modifiers Extensions Data Classes Sealed Classes Generics Nested and Inner Classes Enum Classes Object Object Expressions and Declarations Inline classes Delegation Delegated Properties Functions and Lambdas Functions 5 5 7 8 9 11 12 14 23 29 33 35 36 36 42 47 62 62 69 71 74 76 Collections: List, Set, Map Ranges Type Checks and Casts: 'is' and 'as' This Expression Equality Operator overloading Null Safety Exceptions Annotations Reflection Type-Safe Builders Reference Keywords

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . liv The VirtualBox shell lvi Classes (interfaces) lviii 12 IAdditionsFacility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . virtualization engine below. It is completely documented in this SDK Reference – see chapter 11, Classes (interfaces), page lviii and chapter 236.3, Enumerations (enums), page cdxxviii – and available to client code that uses the web service: a) For Java as well as Python, the SDK contains easy-to-use classes that allow you to use the web service in an object-oriented, straightforward manner. We shall refer

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 4 The VirtualBox shell 30 5 Classes (interfaces) 32 5.1 IAdditionsFacility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . virtualization engine below. It is completely documented in this SDK Reference – see chapter 5, Classes (interfaces), page 32 and chapter 6, Enumerations (enums), page 402 – and available to anyone who client code that uses the web service: a) For Java as well as Python, the SDK contains easy-to-use classes that allow you to use the web service in an object-oriented, straightforward manner. We shall refer

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . liv The VirtualBox shell lvi Classes (interfaces) lviii 12 IAdditionsFacility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . virtualization engine below. It is completely documented in this SDK Reference – see chapter 11, Classes (interfaces), page lviii and chapter 236.3, Enumerations (enums), page cdxxviii – and available to client code that uses the web service: a) For Java as well as Python, the SDK contains easy-to-use classes that allow you to use the web service in an object-oriented, straightforward manner. We shall refer

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4 The VirtualBox shell 56 5 Classes (interfaces) 58 5.1 IAdditionsFacility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . virtualization engine below. It is completely documented in this SDK Reference – see chapter 5, Classes (interfaces), page 58 and chapter 6, Enumerations (enums), page 428 – and available to anyone who client code that uses the web service: a) For Java as well as Python, the SDK contains easy-to-use classes that allow you to use the web service in an object-oriented, straightforward manner. We shall refer

5.1.1 Changes to Classes (Interfaces) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 5.1.2 Changes to Enumerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 6 Classes (interfaces) 38 6 virtualization engine below. It is completely documented in this SDK Reference – see chapter 6, Classes (interfaces), page 38 and chapter 7, Enumerations (enums), page 423 – and available to anyone who client code that uses the web service: a) For Java as well as Python, the SDK contains easy-to-use classes that allow you to use the web service in an object-oriented, straightforward manner. We shall refer