Hello 演算法 Python 語言版 作者：靳宇棟（@krahets） 程式碼審閱：靳宇棟（@krahets） Release 1.2.0 2024‑12‑06 序 兩年前，我在力扣上分享了“劍指 Offer”系列題解，受到了許多讀者的鼓勵與支持。在與讀者交流期間，我 最常被問到的一個問題是“如何入門演算法”。漸漸地，我對這個問題產生了濃厚的興趣。 兩眼一抹黑地刷題似乎是最受歡迎 . 28 2.4 空間複雜度 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.5 小結 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 第 3 章 資料結構 住它們， 以便閱讀文獻。 ‧ 重點內容和總結性語句會 加粗，這類文字值得特別關注。 ‧ 有特指含義的詞句會使用“引號”標註，以避免歧義。 ‧ 當涉及程式語言之間不一致的名詞時，本書均以 Python 為準，例如使用 None 來表示“空”。 ‧ 本書部分放棄了程式語言的註釋規範，以換取更加緊湊的內容排版。註釋主要分為三種類型：標題註 釋、內容註釋、多行註釋。 第 0 章 前言 www

R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480 38.3 Noteworthy differences from Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 38.4 Noteworthy differences from C/C++ DOCUMENTATION 3 Because Julia's compiler is different from the interpreters used for languages like Python or R, you may find that Julia's performance is unintuitive at first. If you find that something expressiveness for high-level numerical computing, in the same way as languages such as R, MATLAB, and Python, but also supports general programming. To achieve this, Julia builds upon the lineage of mathematical

R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480 38.3 Noteworthy differences from Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 38.4 Noteworthy differences from C/C++ DOCUMENTATION 3 Because Julia's compiler is different from the interpreters used for languages like Python or R, you may find that Julia's performance is unintuitive at first. If you find that something expressiveness for high-level numerical computing, in the same way as languages such as R, MATLAB, and Python, but also supports general programming. To achieve this, Julia builds upon the lineage of mathematical

R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 39.3 Noteworthy differences from Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518 39.4 Noteworthy differences from C/C++ statically-typed languages. Because Julia's compiler is different from the interpreters used for languages like Python or R, you may find that Julia's performance is unintuitive at first. If you find that something expressiveness for high-level numerical computing, in the same way as languages such as R, MATLAB, and Python, but also supports general programming. To achieve this, Julia builds upon the lineage of mathematical

R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 39.3 Noteworthy differences from Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518 39.4 Noteworthy differences from C/C++ statically-typed languages. Because Julia's compiler is different from the interpreters used for languages like Python or R, you may find that Julia's performance is unintuitive at first. If you find that something expressiveness for high-level numerical computing, in the same way as languages such as R, MATLAB, and Python, but also supports general programming. To achieve this, Julia builds upon the lineage of mathematical

R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 39.3 Noteworthy differences from Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518 39.4 Noteworthy differences from C/C++ statically-typed languages. Because Julia's compiler is different from the interpreters used for languages like Python or R, you may find that Julia's performance is unintuitive at first. If you find that something expressiveness for high-level numerical computing, in the same way as languages such as R, MATLAB, and Python, but also supports general programming. To achieve this, Julia builds upon the lineage of mathematical

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.5 常见的可移植的構建系統 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Perl 是現今類 Unix 系統中使用最普遍的解釋型腳本語言，它常被稱作 Unix 的瑞士軍刀。(參看 perl(1)) • python - Python 是 Debian 系統中另一個最常用的解釋型腳本語言，它擁有着可圈可點的強大功能和十分清晰的語 法。(參看 python(1)) • quilt - 此軟件包幫助你管理一系列的補丁。它們被以邏輯棧的方式組織在一起。你可以 apply (=push)、un-apply policy (http://www.debian.org/doc/packaging-manuals/perl-policy/) • Python policy (http://www.debian.org/doc/packaging-manuals/python-policy/) • Java policy (http://www.debian.org/doc/packaging-manuals/java-policy/)

R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 39.3 Noteworthy differences from Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530 39.4 Noteworthy differences from C/C++ statically-typed languages. Because Julia's compiler is different from the interpreters used for languages like Python or R, you may find that Julia's performance is unintuitive at first. If you find that something expressiveness for high-level numerical computing, in the same way as languages such as R, MATLAB, and Python, but also supports general programming. To achieve this, Julia builds upon the lineage of mathematical

R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 39.3 Noteworthy differences from Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529 39.4 Noteworthy differences from C/C++ statically-typed languages. Because Julia's compiler is different from the interpreters used for languages like Python or R, you may find that Julia's performance is unintuitive at first. If you find that something expressiveness for high-level numerical computing, in the same way as languages such as R, MATLAB, and Python, but also supports general programming. To achieve this, Julia builds upon the lineage of mathematical

R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 39.3 Noteworthy differences from Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529 39.4 Noteworthy differences from C/C++ statically-typed languages. Because Julia's compiler is different from the interpreters used for languages like Python or R, you may find that Julia's performance is unintuitive at first. If you find that something expressiveness for high-level numerical computing, in the same way as languages such as R, MATLAB, and Python, but also supports general programming. To achieve this, Julia builds upon the lineage of mathematical