Hello 演算法 Java 語言版 作者：靳宇棟（@krahets） 程式碼審閱：靳宇棟（@krahets） Release 1.2.0 2024‑12‑06 序 兩年前，我在力扣上分享了“劍指 Offer”系列題解，受到了許多讀者的鼓勵與支持。在與讀者交流期間，我 最常被問到的一個問題是“如何入門演算法”。漸漸地，我對這個問題產生了濃厚的興趣。 兩眼一抹黑地刷題似乎是最受歡迎的方 記錄。需要注意的是，Python 中 range(a, b) 對應的區間是“左閉右開”的，對應的走訪範圍為 ?, ? + 1, … , ? − 1 ： // === File: iteration.java === /* for 迴圈 */ int forLoop(int n) { int res = 0; // 迴圈求和 1, 2, ..., n-1, n for (int i = 1; 迴圈中，程式每輪都會先檢查條件，如果條 件為真，則繼續執行，否則就結束迴圈。 下面我們用 while 迴圈來實現求和 1 + 2 + ⋯ + ? ： // === File: iteration.java === /* while 迴圈 */ int whileLoop(int n) { int res = 0; int i = 1; // 初始化條件變數 // 迴圈求和 1, 2, .

supreme@gmail.com 資訊工業策進會 數位教育研究所 資訊技術訓練中心 1 / 74 在 Java SE 與 Java EE 領域有十多 年的講師教學經驗，熟悉 SOAP/RESTful Services、Design Patterns、EJB/JPA 等 Java EE 規 格，Struts/Spring/Hibernate 等 Open Source Framework，與 JBoss GlassFish 等 Application Server。 自認為會的技術不多，但是學不會的 也不多，最擅長把老闆交代的工作， 以及找不到老師教的技術，想辦法變 成自己的專長。 目前負責 Java 與 .NET 雲端運算相 關技術的推廣，主要包括 Hadoop Platform 與 NoSQL 等 Big Data 相關 應用，Google App Engine、Microsoft Azure Facebook 做出了 Hive，把 HiveQL 翻成一堆 MapReduce Job Hive 與 Pig 大家都想用 Hadoop 處理 Big Data，但不是每個人都會寫 MapReduce / Java，於是： 32 / 74 Stinger Initiative 緣由： Hortonworks 主導 希望在 Hadoop 從 MapReduce 演化成 Data Processing Platform

gettext , texinfo , libssl -dev (>= 0.9.8) , dpatch , info2man Checksums -Sha1: 50 d4ed2441e67 [..]1 ee0e94248 2464747 wget_1 .12. orig.tar.gz d4c1c8bbe431d [..] dd7cef3611 48308 wget_1 .12 -2.1. debian 2005, 基於 advanced GNU make magic ▶ 文件: /usr/share/doc/cdbs/ ▶ 可支援 Perl, Python, Ruby, GNOME, KDE, Java, Haskell, . . . ▶ 但有些使用者不喜歡使用: ▶ 有時難以產生客製化套件: "makefile以及環境參數相當複雜" ▶ 比明文的 debhelper還慢 (會有許多不必要 dh_*相關的呼叫) (part 6) ▶ Debian Policy https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ ▶ 所有需求都必須在每個套件中被滿足 ▶ 對於 Perl, Java, Python, . . . 特定的規則 ▶ Ubuntu 打包指南 http://developer.ubuntu.com/resources/tools/packaging/ Debian

argument, you should declare the type as AbstractString in order to accept any string type. • Like C and Java, but unlike most dynamic languages, Julia has a first-class type for representing a single character type that can represent any Unicode character (and which is based on the UTF-8 encoding). • As in Java, strings are immutable: the value of an AbstractString object cannot be changed. To construct a different uation in Julia, as outlined in the next section. Unlike C, MATLAB, Perl, Python, and Ruby – but like Java, and a few other stricter, typed languages – it is an error if the value of a conditional expression

argument, you should declare the type as AbstractString in order to accept any string type. • Like C and Java, but unlike most dynamic languages, Julia has a first-class type for representing a single character type that can represent any Unicode character (and which is based on the UTF-8 encoding). • As in Java, strings are immutable: the value of an AbstractString object cannot be changed. To construct a different uation in Julia, as outlined in the next section. Unlike C, MATLAB, Perl, Python, and Ruby – but like Java, and a few other stricter, typed languages – it is an error if the value of a conditional expression

argument, you should declare the type as AbstractString in order to accept any string type. • Like C and Java, but unlike most dynamic languages, Julia has a first-class type for representing a single character type that can represent any Unicode character (and which is based on the UTF-8 encoding). • As in Java, strings are immutable: the value of an AbstractString object cannot be changed. To construct a different uation in Julia, as outlined in the next section. Unlike C, MATLAB, Perl, Python, and Ruby – but like Java, and a few other stricter, typed languages – it is an error if the value of a conditional expression

argument, you should declare the type as AbstractString in order to accept any string type. • Like C and Java, but unlike most dynamic languages, Julia has a first-class type for representing a single character type that can represent any Unicode character (and which is based on the UTF-8 encoding). • As in Java, strings are immutable: the value of an AbstractString object cannot be changed. To construct a different uation in Julia, as outlined in the next section. Unlike C, MATLAB, Perl, Python, and Ruby – but like Java, and a few other stricter, typed languages – it is an error if the value of a conditional expression

argument, you should declare the type as AbstractString in order to accept any string type. • Like C and Java, but unlike most dynamic languages, Julia has a first-class type for representing a single character type that can represent any Unicode character (and which is based on the UTF-8 encoding). • As in Java, strings are immutable: the value of an AbstractString object cannot be changed. To construct a different uation in Julia, as outlined in the next section. Unlike C, MATLAB, Perl, Python, and Ruby – but like Java, and a few other stricter, typed languages – it is an error if the value of a conditional expression

argument, you should declare the type as AbstractString in order to accept any string type. • Like C and Java, but unlike most dynamic languages, Julia has a first-class type for representing a single character type that can represent any Unicode character (and which is based on the UTF-8 encoding). • As in Java, strings are immutable: the value of an AbstractString object cannot be changed. To construct a different uation in Julia, as outlined in the next section. Unlike C, MATLAB, Perl, Python, and Ruby – but like Java, and a few other stricter, typed languages – it is an error if the value of a conditional expression

argument, you should declare the type as AbstractString in order to accept any string type. • Like C and Java, but unlike most dynamic languages, Julia has a first-class type for representing a single character type that can represent any Unicode character (and which is based on the UTF-8 encoding). • As in Java, strings are immutable: the value of an AbstractString object cannot be changed. To construct a different uation in Julia, as outlined in the next section. Unlike C, MATLAB, Perl, Python, and Ruby – but like Java, and a few other stricter, typed languages – it is an error if the value of a conditional expression