命令来编译自己写 的程序确实是很方便。一般情况下，大家都是手工写一个简单 Makefile，如果要想写出一 个符合自由软件惯例的 Makefile 就不那么容易了。 在本文中，将给大家介绍如何使用 autoconf 和 automake 两个工具来帮助我们自动生成 符 合 自 由 软件 惯 例 的 Makefile ， 这 样 就 可以 象 常 见 的 GNU 程 序 一 样 ，只 要 使 用 “. 可能还要跟着修改。这样就造成了手工书写 Makefile 的诸多问题，automake 恰好能很好地帮助我们解决这些问题。 使用 automake，程序开发人员只需要写一些简单的含有预定义宏的文件，由 autoconf 根 据一个宏文件生成 configure，由 automake 根据另一个宏文件生成 Makefile.in，再使用 configure 依据 Makefile.in 来生成一个符合惯例的 release 1，它包含了我们要用到 的 autoconf，automake。 三、从 Hello world 入手 我们从最常使用的例子程序 helloworld 开始。下面的过程如果简单地说来就是： 新建三个文件： helloworld.c、configure.in、Makefile.am 然后执行： aclocal; autoconf; automake --add-missing;

package. Tip 在尝试制作 Debian 软件包之前，您应当熟悉了解上游源代码所使用的构建系统 并尝试构建软件。 5.18.1 Autotools 使用 Autotools（autoconf + automake）包括四个步骤。 1. 设置构建系统（“vim configure.ac Makefile.am”和“autoreconf -ivf”） 2. 配置构建系统（“./configure”） autoreconf”选项已可自动处理上述第一步到第四步全部内容。 如果您想进一步学习 Autotools，请参考： • GNU Automake 文档 • GNU Autoconf 文档 • Autotools 教程 • 对 autotools 的介绍（autoconf、automake 和 libtool） • Autotools 流言终结者 5.18.2 CMake 使用 CMake 通常也包含四个步骤。 Section 4.8 中的基本一致。 8.9 Autotools（单个二进制文件） 这里给出了从简单的 C 语言源代码创建简单的 Debian 软件包的例子，并假设上游使用了 Autotools = Autoconf （Makefile.am 和 configure.ac）作为构建系统。参见 Section 5.18.1。 此种源码通常也带有上游自动生成的 Makefile.in 和 configure 文件。在

而还有一组工具虽不是对于所有软件包都必须，却可能对你有用， 或者你的软件包制作过程中会需要它们： • autoconf、automake 和 autotools-dev - 很多新程序使用 configure 脚本和 Makefile 文件来帮助预处理程序。 (参看 info autoconf、info automake)。autotools-dev 则用于保持指定的自动配置文件为最新，并带有关 (http://www.lrde.epita.fr/~adl/autotools.html) 为 the GNU Build System known as the GNU Autotools 中 最重要的工具——Autoconf、Automake、Libtool 和 gettext 提供了很好的文档。 • gnu-standards - 此软件包包含了 GNU 项目中的两篇文档：GNU Coding Standards 植到不同平台上。这些工具被用于生成 Makefile 和其他必须的源文件。然后程序就可以使用正常的 make; make install 来编译和安装。 Autotools 是 GNU 编译系统工具集，包括 Autoconf、Automake、Libtool 和 gettext。你可以通过 configure.ac、 Makefile.am 和 Makefile.in 等特征文件来识别使用 Autotools 作为编译系统的源代码。⁹

configurations. New Build System The build system has been rewritten from scratch to be based on autoconf and libtool. This makes Apache's configuration system more similar to that of other packages. Multiprotocol Microsoft Windows. For other platforms, see the platform documentation. Apache HTTPd uses libtool and autoconf to create a build environment that looks like many other Open Source projects. If you are upgrading (Developers downloading an unreleased version of the Apache HTTPd source tree will need to have autoconf and libtool installed and will need to run buildconf before proceeding with the next steps. This

configurations. New Build System The build system has been rewritten from scratch to be based on autoconf and libtool. This makes Apache's configuration system more similar to that of other packages. Multiprotocol Microsoft Windows. For other platforms, see the platform documentation. Apache HTTPd uses libtool and autoconf to create a build environment that looks like many other Open Source projects. If you are upgrading (Developers downloading an unreleased version of the Apache HTTPd source tree will need to have autoconf and libtool installed and will need to run buildconf before proceeding with the next steps. This

configurations. New Build System The build system has been rewritten from scratch to be based on autoconf and libtool. This makes Apache's configuration system more similar to that of other packages. Multiprotocol Microsoft Windows. For other platforms, see the platform documentation. Apache HTTPd uses libtool and autoconf to create a build environment that looks like many other Open Source projects. If you are upgrading (Developers downloading an unreleased version of the Apache HTTPd source tree will need to have autoconf and libtool installed and will need to run buildconf before proceeding with the next steps. This

configurations. New Build System The build system has been rewritten from scratch to be based on autoconf and libtool. This makes Apache's configuration system more similar to that of other packages. Multiprotocol Microsoft Windows. For other platforms, see the platform documentation. Apache HTTPd uses libtool and autoconf to create a build environment that looks like many other Open Source projects. If you are upgrading (Developers downloading an unreleased version of the Apache HTTPd source tree will need to have autoconf and libtool installed and will need to run buildconf before proceeding with the next steps. This

configurations. New Build System The build system has been rewritten from scratch to be based on autoconf and libtool. This makes Apache's configuration system more similar to that of other packages. Multiprotocol Microsoft Windows. For other platforms, see the platform documentation. Apache HTTPd uses libtool and autoconf to create a build environment that looks like many other Open Source projects. If you are upgrading (Developers downloading an unreleased version of the Apache HTTPd source tree will need to have autoconf and libtool installed and will need to run buildconf before proceeding with the next steps. This

233 软件包 流行度 大小 文档 make V:133, I:559 1592 通过 make-doc 包提供“info make” autoconf V:32, I:233 2025 由 autoconf-doc 包提供“info autoconf” automake V:32, I:232 1837 由 automake1.10-doc 包提供“info automake” libtool -f/dev/null” 命令来查看内部自动化的规则。 12.6.2 Autotools（自动化工具） Autotools 是一套编程工具，被设计作为协助将源代码软件包移植到许多 类 Unix 系统。 • Autoconf 是一个从”configure.ac” 生成 shell 脚本”configure” 的工具。 – ”configure” 随后用于从”Makefile.in” 模板生成”Makefile”。 program $ sudo make install # this installs the files in the system 12.6.2.2 卸载程序 如果你有源码并且它使用 autoconf(1)/automake(1)，如果你能记得你是怎样配置它的话，执行如下的命令来卸载程 序。 $ ./configure all-of-the-options-you-gave-it $ sudo

configurations. New Build System The build system has been rewritten from scratch to be based on autoconf and libtool. This makes Apache httpd's configuration system more similar to that of other packages Microsoft Windows. For other platforms, see the platform documentation. Apache httpd uses libtool and autoconf to create a build environment that looks like many other Open Source projects. If you are upgrading distribution. (Developers downloading an unreleased version of the Apache source tree will need to have autoconf and libtool installed and will need to run buildconf before proceeding with the next steps. This