Calling Functions A Tutorial Klaus Iglberger, CppCon 2020 klaus.iglberger@gmx.de2 Klaus Iglberger C++ Trainer since 2016 Author of the C++ math library (Co-)Organizer of the Munich Two-Phase Lookup Template Argument Deduction SFINAE Overload Resolution (Viable) Candidate Functions Ranking Ambiguous Function Calls Access Labels Function Template Specializations Virtual Two-Phase Lookup Template Argument Deduction SFINAE Overload Resolution (Viable) Candidate Functions Ranking Ambiguous Function Calls Access Labels Function Template Specializations Virtual

for many years -- please provide suggestions, analogies, and other useful ways to think about functions now or in the future!Please do not redistribute slides without prior permission. 4Your Tour Guide for the talk ● Located here: https://github.com/MikeShah/Talks/tree/main/2023/cppcon/functions 6Abstract Functions are one of the first things programmers learn, granting you the ultimate power to 'reuse' overview of functions from the start to the end, on the various powers that are given to us from the ground up. Consider this talk your one stop for learning all of the great things about functions! We'll

From Functions to Coroutines 40 Years Evolution Rainer Grimm Training, Coaching, and Technology Consulting www.ModernesCpp.netEvolution of Callable template T invoke(Func sequence of functions can be changed ▪ Automatically parallelizable ▪ Results can be cachedPure Functions Working with a pure function is based on discipline Use common functions, meta-functions, constexpr constexpr, or consteval functions ▪ Function int powFunc(int m, int n){ if (n == 0) return 1; return m * powFunc(m, n - 1); } ▪ Meta-Function template struct PowMeta { static int const value

virt_duration = end-start;There are interesting technical details and surprising conclusions that virtual functions can be actually faster. Since CPU architectures are mentioned, I'd expect to see deep assembly eritance-vs-other- ways-performanceDoes it even matter?Conclusions ● The notion that “virtual functions are slower” is flat out wrong. ○ Which is not to say they are faster ○ Some of the suggested

Helmut Hlavacs – Combining Co-Routines and Functions into a Job System - CppCon 2021 1 / 39Helmut Hlavacs – Combining Co-Routines and Functions into a Job System - CppCon 2021 2 / 39 About Myself • Professor Processing) Technical Committee 14 Entertainment ComputingHelmut Hlavacs – Combining Co-Routines and Functions into a Job System - CppCon 2021 3 / 39 Creating Game Engines with C++ • Vienna Game Job System Vulkan Game Engine 2.0 https://github.com/hlavacs 20Helmut Hlavacs – Combining Co-Routines and Functions into a Job System - CppCon 2021 4 / 39 The Game Loop auto prev = high_resolution_clock::now();

an algorithm 16 Type Notation Runtime Cost Constant O(1) Independent of number of elements Logarithmic O(log(n)) Increases logarithmically with the number of elements Linear O(n) Increases linearly linearly with the number of elements N-log-N O(n*log(n)) Increases as a product of linear and logarithmic complexities Quadratic O(n2) Increases as the square of the number of elementsCppCon 2021 – Back to © 2021 Bob Steagall Common Container Interface • Every STL container provides a common set of functions 49 template< ... > class container { ... iterator begin(); iterator end(); const_iterator

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 10.4 Creating Shortcuts to Menu Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 10.5 Dialogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 11.3.2 Variables And Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 11.3.3 working with transparency • Layers and channels • A procedural database for calling internal GIMP functions from external programs, such as Script-Fu • Advanced scripting capabilities • Multiple undo/redo

ISO 80000 guidance for logarithmic units ○ e.g. Sound pressure level ● Decibels need special handling beyond log ● Leave other non-linear relationships to the user ○ Free functions instead of customization ISO 80000 guidance for logarithmic units ○ e.g. Sound pressure level ● Decibels need special handling beyond log ● Leave other non-linear relationships to the user ○ Free functions instead of customization

Cheaper → More… Note: Chart expressed in trillions of real GDP as measured by 2011 ‘GK$’ on a logarithmic scale. GK$ (Gross Knowledge Dollars) is an informal term used to estimate the potential business Data / Cloud GPUs Computing Cycles Over Time – 1960s-2020s, per Morgan Stanley Note: Axis is logarithmic; i.e., there are expected to be tens of thousands more AI Era devices than Mainframe devices model with 70B parameters 5/24: Google introduces AI overviews to augment its search functions 9/24: Alibaba releases 100 open-source Qwen 2.5 models, with performance in line with

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 12.5 Creating Shortcuts to Menu Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 12.6 Customize Splash-Screen . Acquainted With Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 13.3.2 Variables And Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 13.3.3 Lists, Lists And INTRODUCTION 1.2. WHAT’S NEW IN GIMP 2.10.18? • A procedural database for calling internal GIMP functions from external programs, such as Script- Fu. • Advanced scripting capabilities. • Multiple undo/redo