all the needs of the enterprise • Different open source projects have different solutions to this Kong • Native Support: Lua plugins • Few developers are familiar with Lua • Solution：Go plugin Envoy developers can write Lua • Solution：WASM，not good enough in the short term Apache APISIX • Both Kong and Envoy’s solutions are want more developers to develop plugins • We are looking for silver bullet API Gateway -> East-West Microservice • East-west service mesh -> North-south access layer • Envoy、Kong、Apache APISIX：full traffic access layer • no longer the traditional functions of Nginx and F5 •

Lean 1 (2013) Leo and Soonho Kong • Almost useless • Brave (crazy?) users in 2014: Jeremy Avigad, Cody Roux and Floris van Doorn • Lean 2 (2015) Leo and Soonho Kong • First official release •

24 18 Sony Japan Hardware 22 19 Cisco USA Hardware 21 20 Fujitsu Japan Hardware 20 21 PCCW Hong Kong Telco 20 22 NEC Japan Software 19 23 Oracle USA Hardware 18 24 MCI USA Telco 18 25 Sharp Japan In 1995, Japan had 30% (9 of 30) of the top tech companies and 0 in 2025. UK / Singapore / Hong Kong / Mexico / Malaysia had 1, now 0. In 2025, new geographic entrants include China with 3, Germany Language Model (LLM) Leadership = USA & China Outpacing Rest of World (RoW), per Epoch AI *Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China, not an independent country. Note: Epoch AI defines

License will be governed by the laws in force in Hong Kong. You hereby consent to the non-exclusive jurisdiction and venue sitting in Hong Kong to resolve any disputes arising under this EULA. 11

License will be governed by the laws in force in Hong Kong. You hereby consent to the non-exclusive jurisdiction and venue sitting in Hong Kong to resolve any disputes arising under this EULA. 9

License will be governed by the laws in force in Hong Kong. You hereby consent to the non-exclusive jurisdiction and venue sitting in Hong Kong to resolve any disputes arising under this EULA. Should

License will be governed by the laws in force in Hong Kong. You hereby consent to the non-exclusive jurisdiction and venue sitting in Hong Kong to resolve any disputes arising under this EULA. Should

License will be governed by the laws in force in Hong Kong. You hereby consent to the non-exclusive jurisdiction and venue sitting in Hong Kong to resolve any disputes arising under this EULA. Should

License will be governed by the laws in force in Hong Kong. You hereby consent to the non-exclusive jurisdiction and venue sitting in Hong Kong to resolve any disputes arising under this EULA. Should

License will be governed by the laws in force in Hong Kong. You hereby consent to the non-exclusive jurisdiction and venue sitting in Hong Kong to resolve any disputes arising under this EULA. Should