. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Viewing the Commit History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of its data more like a series of snapshots of a miniature filesystem. With Git, every time you commit, or save the state of your project, Git basically takes a picture of what all your files look like you’re offline or off VPN. If you get on an airplane or a train and want to do a little work, you can commit happily (to your local copy, remember?) until you get to a network connection to upload. If you

LinkExtractors (fixes issue 907, commit 108195e) • TST: Changed buildbot makefile to use ‘pytest’ (commit 1f3d90a) • DOC: Fixed typos in tutorial and media-pipeline (commit 808a9ea and commit 803bd87) • DOC: Add ES_BASE in settings docs (commit aa94121) 1.0.4 (2015-12-30) • Ignoring xlib/tx folder, depending on Twisted version. (commit 7dfa979) • Run on new travis-ci infra (commit 6e42f0b) 193 Scrapy Documentation Spelling fixes (commit 823a1cc) • escape nodename in xmliter regex (commit da3c155) • test xml nodename with dots (commit 4418fc3) • TST don’t use broken Pillow version in tests (commit a55078c) • disable

FEED_TEMPDIR setting at lexicographical position (commit 9b3c72c) • Use idiomatic .extract_first() in overview (issue 1994) • Update years in copyright notice (commit c2c8036) • Add information and example on LinkExtractors (fixes issue 907, commit 108195e) • TST: Changed buildbot makefile to use ‘pytest’ (commit 1f3d90a) • DOC: Fixed typos in tutorial and media-pipeline (commit 808a9ea and commit 803bd87) • DOC: Add docs (commit aa94121) Scrapy 1.0.4 (2015-12-30) • Ignoring xlib/tx folder, depending on Twisted version. (commit 7dfa979) • Run on new travis-ci infra (commit 6e42f0b) • Spelling fixes (commit 823a1cc)

FEED_TEMPDIR setting at lexicographical position (commit 9b3c72c) • Use idiomatic .extract_first() in overview (issue 1994) • Update years in copyright notice (commit c2c8036) • Add information and example on LinkExtractors (fixes issue 907, commit 108195e) • TST: Changed buildbot makefile to use ‘pytest’ (commit 1f3d90a) • DOC: Fixed typos in tutorial and media-pipeline (commit 808a9ea and commit 803bd87) • DOC: Add settings docs (commit aa94121) 1.0.4 (2015-12-30) • Ignoring xlib/tx folder, depending on Twisted version. (commit 7dfa979) • Run on new travis-ci infra (commit 6e42f0b) • Spelling fixes (commit 823a1cc)

FEED_TEMPDIR setting at lexicographical position (commit 9b3c72c) • Use idiomatic .extract_first() in overview (issue 1994) • Update years in copyright notice (commit c2c8036) • Add information and example on LinkExtractors (fixes issue 907, commit 108195e) • TST: Changed buildbot makefile to use ‘pytest’ (commit 1f3d90a) • DOC: Fixed typos in tutorial and media-pipeline (commit 808a9ea and commit 803bd87) • DOC: Add docs (commit aa94121) Scrapy 1.0.4 (2015-12-30) • Ignoring xlib/tx folder, depending on Twisted version. (commit 7dfa979) • Run on new travis-ci infra (commit 6e42f0b) • Spelling fixes (commit 823a1cc)

本章涵盖了你在使用 Git 完成各种工作时将 会用到的各种基本命令。 在学习完本章之后，你应该能够配置并初始化一个仓库（repository）、开始或停止跟 踪（track）文件、暂存（stage）或提交（commit）更改。 本章也将向你演示了如何配置 Git 来忽略指定的文 件和文件模式、如何迅速而简单地撤销错误操作、如何浏览你的项目的历史版本以及不同提交（commits）之间 的差异、如何向你的远程仓库 如果在一个已存在文件的文件夹（而非空文件夹）中进行版本控制，你应该开始追踪这些文件并进行初始提交。 可以通过 git add 命令来指定所需的文件来进行追踪，然后执行 git commit ： $ git add *.c $ git add LICENSE $ git commit -m 'initial project version' 稍后我们再逐一解释这些指令的行为。 现在，你已经得到了一个存在被追踪文件与初始提交的 样的 输出： $ git status On branch master Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'. nothing to commit, working directory clean 这说明你现在的工作目录相当干净。换句话说，所有已跟踪文件在上次提交后都未被更改过。 此外，上面的信 息还表明，当前目录下没有出现任何处于未跟踪状态的新文件，否则

FEED_TEMPDIR setting at lexicographical position (commit 9b3c72c) • Use idiomatic .extract_first() in overview (issue 1994) • Update years in copyright notice (commit c2c8036) • Add information and example on LinkExtractors (fixes issue 907, commit 108195e) • TST: Changed buildbot makefile to use ‘pytest’ (commit 1f3d90a) • DOC: Fixed typos in tutorial and media-pipeline (commit 808a9ea and commit 803bd87) • DOC: Add in settings docs (commit aa94121) 7.1.21 Scrapy 1.0.4 (2015-12-30) • Ignoring xlib/tx folder, depending on Twisted version. (commit 7dfa979) • Run on new travis-ci infra (commit 6e42f0b) • Spelling

FEED_TEMPDIR setting at lexicographical position (commit 9b3c72c) • Use idiomatic .extract_first() in overview (issue 1994) • Update years in copyright notice (commit c2c8036) • Add information and example on LinkExtractors (fixes issue 907, commit 108195e) • TST: Changed buildbot makefile to use ‘pytest’ (commit 1f3d90a) • DOC: Fixed typos in tutorial and media-pipeline (commit 808a9ea and commit 803bd87) • DOC: Add in settings docs (commit aa94121) 7.1.22 Scrapy 1.0.4 (2015-12-30) • Ignoring xlib/tx folder, depending on Twisted version. (commit 7dfa979) • Run on new travis-ci infra (commit 6e42f0b) • Spelling

FEED_TEMPDIR setting at lexicographical position (commit 9b3c72c) • Use idiomatic .extract_first() in overview (issue 1994) • Update years in copyright notice (commit c2c8036) • Add information and example on LinkExtractors (fixes issue 907, commit 108195e) • TST: Changed buildbot makefile to use ‘pytest’ (commit 1f3d90a) • DOC: Fixed typos in tutorial and media-pipeline (commit 808a9ea and commit 803bd87) • DOC: Add docs (commit aa94121) Scrapy 1.0.4 (2015-12-30) • Ignoring xlib/tx folder, depending on Twisted version. (commit 7dfa979) • Run on new travis-ci infra (commit 6e42f0b) • Spelling fixes (commit 823a1cc)

Make sure you install Scrapy 1.7.1. The Scrapy 1.7.0 package in PyPI is the result of an erroneous commit tagging and does not include all the changes described below. Highlights: • Improvements for crawls FEED_TEMPDIR setting at lexicographical position (commit 9b3c72c) • Use idiomatic .extract_first() in overview (issue 1994) • Update years in copyright notice (commit c2c8036) • Add information and example on LinkExtractors (fixes issue 907, commit 108195e) • TST: Changed buildbot makefile to use ‘pytest’ (commit 1f3d90a) • DOC: Fixed typos in tutorial and media-pipeline (commit 808a9ea and commit 803bd87) • DOC: Add