chooses the best available option: 1. Exact/identity match 2. Trivial conversion 3. Promotion 4. Promotion + trivial conversion 5. Standard conversion 6. Standard conversion + trivial conversion 1)Promotions (Rank 2) 62 The following standard conversions count as promotions: • Integral promotion • unsigned short ➜ unsigned int or int (depending on your platform) • short ➜ int • char ➜ int point promotion • float ➜ doublePromotions (Rank 2) 63 void f( int ); // (1) void f( double ); // (2) int main() { short v = 42; f( v ); } // Calls (1) (integral promotion, rank

put(int c, FILE *f);  In each case, the compiler promotes charto intto achieve the match.  That promotion may generate additional code that executes at run time. 15 Best Matches and Ambiguities  In “cheap” array-to-pointer conversion qualification conversion etc. integral promotion Promotion floating-point promotion integral conversion Conversion “expensive” floating-point conversion pointer “cheap” array-to-pointer conversion qualification conversion etc. integral promotion Promotion floating-point promotion integral conversion Conversion “expensive” floating-point conversion pointer

. . . . . . 180 14 Conversion and Promotion 182 14.1 Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 14.2 Promotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . types interoperate naturally without explicit casting, thanks to a flexible, user-extensible type promotion system. 12CHAPTER 4. INTEGERS AND FLOATING-POINT NUMBERS 13 Type Precision Number of bits Float16 Once created, they participate in arithmetic with all other numeric types thanks to Julia's type promotion and conversion mechanism: julia> BigInt(typemax(Int64)) + 1 9223372036854775808 julia> big"

. . . . . . 180 14 Conversion and Promotion 182 14.1 Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 14.2 Promotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . types interoperate naturally without explicit casting, thanks to a flexible, user-extensible type promotion system. 12CHAPTER 4. INTEGERS AND FLOATING-POINT NUMBERS 13 Type Precision Number of bits Float16 Once created, they participate in arithmetic with all other numeric types thanks to Julia's type promotion and conversion mechanism: julia> BigInt(typemax(Int64)) + 1 9223372036854775808 julia> big"

Resolution ● Standard Conversion Categories ○ numeric promotions (4) ■ integral promotion ■ floating-point promotion ○ conversions (5) ■ integral conversion ■ floating-point conversion ■ floating–integral ambiguous ( compile error ) } 28Overload Resolution ● Numeric Promotions (category 4) ○ integral promotion ■ short to int ■ unsigned short to unsigned int or int ■ bool to int (0 or 1) ■ char to int or or unsigned int ■ a few more however it must be defined in the standard ○ floating point promotion ■ float to double 29Overload Resolution ● Example 3 ○ integral conversion (category 5) ■ integral

. . . . . . 190 15 Conversion and Promotion 192 15.1 Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 15.2 Promotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . types interoperate naturally without explicit casting, thanks to a flexible, user-extensible type promotion system. 5.1 Integers Literal integers are represented in the standard manner: julia> 1 1 julia> Once created, they participate in arithmetic with all other numeric types thanks to Julia's type promotion and conversion mechanism: julia> BigInt(typemax(Int64)) + 1 9223372036854775808 julia> big"

. . . . . . 190 15 Conversion and Promotion 192 15.1 Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 15.2 Promotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . types interoperate naturally without explicit casting, thanks to a flexible, user-extensible type promotion system. 5.1 Integers Literal integers are represented in the standard manner: julia> 1 1 julia> Once created, they participate in arithmetic with all other numeric types thanks to Julia's type promotion and conversion mechanism: julia> BigInt(typemax(Int64)) + 1 9223372036854775808 julia> big"

. . . . . . 190 15 Conversion and Promotion 192 15.1 Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 15.2 Promotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . types interoperate naturally without explicit casting, thanks to a flexible, user-extensible type promotion system. 5.1 Integers Literal integers are represented in the standard manner: julia> 1 1 julia> Once created, they participate in arithmetic with all other numeric types thanks to Julia's type promotion and conversion mechanism: julia> BigInt(typemax(Int64)) + 1 9223372036854775808 julia> big"

DATA PROMOTION FROM COMPILE-TIME TO RUNTIME? DATA PROMOTION FROM COMPILE-TIME TO RUNTIME? 9 . 3JIT IN THE COMPILER JIT IN THE COMPILER DATA PROMOTION FROM COMPILE-TIME TO RUNTIME? DATA PROMOTION FROM COMPILATION TIME VARIABILITY? 9 . 3JIT IN THE COMPILER JIT IN THE COMPILER DATA PROMOTION FROM COMPILE-TIME TO RUNTIME? DATA PROMOTION FROM COMPILE-TIME TO RUNTIME? COMPILATION TIME VARIABILITY? COMPILATION

. . . . . . 190 15 Conversion and Promotion 192 15.1 Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 15.2 Promotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . types interoperate naturally without explicit casting, thanks to a flexible, user-extensible type promotion system. 5.1 Integers Literal integers are represented in the standard manner: julia> 1 1 julia> Once created, they participate in arithmetic with all other numeric types thanks to Julia's type promotion and conversion mechanism: julia> BigInt(typemax(Int64)) + 1 9223372036854775808 julia> big"