PolarDB-X 如 何 做 生 态兼 容 好的 MySQL 兼容性可以做到什么程度 胡中泉（舟济） 阿里云数据库解决方案架构师为什么要兼容 MySQL 01 The longer you look back, the farther you can look forward.也从阿里巴巴的“去IOE”运动说起 业务驱动下的分布式技术实践之路 5月17日，支付宝最后一台小型 机下线标志去IOE落下帷幕 反推出了天价账单也谈所谓的“中间件” 中间件只是起点，PolarDB-X 可能是离终点最近的那个 对近十年的探索以及五年的上云 经验进行重新思考，面向未来设 从运维视角实现计算存储一体化 计新架构 产品形态 基于MySQL XA实现分布式事务 基于外部组件进行扩容 支持扩容 分布式事务 一体化尝试 Review 2.0 开源 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2021年10月20日，云栖大会宣 it probably is a duck.业务系统 上游 Single Source of Truth 问题背景 数据孤岛怎么办？ 下游MySQL 怎么做 Binlog Maxwell DebeziumPolarDB-X 完全兼容 MySQL Binlog 可行性 • 多节点产生多个增量事件队列 • 不同队列中事件之间的顺序 • 分布式事务完整性 • DDL 引起的多 Schema

Aurora is popular ● Amazon Aurora is designed for OLTP workload ● Amazon Aurora is still using the MySQL code base ● It would be cool to do some lightweight OLAP queries directly on the transactional database fewer write amplification ● Smaller network packets ● Eventual consistency HyPer Pros: ● 100% MySQL compatibility ● Fully-managed ● Scalable read Cons: ● Single point write (if you want to scale out actual storage size is too large ● Reader doesn’t require stong consistency ● Migrate from legacy MySQL applications Aurora typical scenarios What’s TiDB TiKV Node N Store N TiKV Node 1 Store 1 TiKV

handlers allows Guzzle to integrate with any method you choose for sending HTTP requests over the wire (e.g., cURL, sockets, PHP’s stream wrapper, non-blocking event loops like React, etc.). • Guzzle value is an associative array where the keys represent the header name as it will be sent over the wire, and each value is an array of strings associated with the header. $headers = $response->getHeaders(); Errors If the exceptions request option is not set to false, then exceptions are thrown for HTTP protocol er- rors as well: GuzzleHttp\Exception\ClientErrorResponseException for 4xx level HTTP responses

handlers allows Guzzle to integrate with any method you choose for sending HTTP requests over the wire (e.g., cURL, sockets, PHP’s stream wrapper, non-blocking event loops like React [http://reactphp.org/] Subscriber [https://github.com/guzzle/log-subscriber] Logs HTTP requests and responses sent over the wire using customizable log message templates. OAuth Subscriber [https://github.com/guzzle/oauth-subscriber] value is an associative array where the keys represent the header name as it will be sent over the wire, and each value is an array of strings associated with the header. $headers = $response->getHeaders();

数据操作语句 (DML) 事务语句 数据库管理语句 Prepared SQL 语句语法 实用工具语句 JSON 支持 Connectors 和 API TiDB 事务隔离级别 错误码与故障诊断 与 MySQL 兼容性对比 TiDB 内存控制文档 Bit-value Literals Boolean Literals Date 和 Time 字面值 十六进制的字面值 NULL Values 数值字面值 字符串字面值 事务语句 数据库管理语句 Prepared SQL 语句语法 实用工具语句 TiDB SQL 语法图 JSON 支持 Connectors 和 API TiDB 事务隔离级别 错误码与故障诊断 与 MySQL 兼容性对比 TiDB 内存控制 高级功能 历史数据回溯 垃圾回收 (GC) TiDB 运维文档 软硬件环境需求 部署集群 Ansible 部署方案（强烈推荐） 离线 Ansible 部署方案 Docker 的最佳特性。 TiDB 兼容 MySQL，支持无限的水平扩展，具备强一致性和高可用性。TiDB 的目标是为 OLTP (Online Transactional Processing) 和 OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) 场景提供一站式的解决方案。 TiDB 具备如下核心特性： 高度兼容 MySQL 大多数情况下，无需修改代码即可从 MySQL 轻松迁移至 TiDB，分库分表后的

Su, XOffsetDatastructure, CppCon 2024 252.2 Current Solutions • The 2 Categories • MessagePack, Protocol Buffers, etc. • FlatBuffers, Cap’n Proto, etc. • Input, Output, and Process. // To better understand buffer. This transformation requires traversing and encoding all fields. • Both MessagePack and Protocol Buffers follow this approach. Fanchen Su, XOffsetDatastructure, CppCon 2024 28 Data Buffer2.2 structure. This conversion needs traversing and decoding all fields. • Both MessagePack and Protocol Buffers employ this method. Fanchen Su, XOffsetDatastructure, CppCon 2024 29 Data Buffer Memory

errors. – Built-in dependency manager. – Built-in support for testing. – Excellent Language Server Protocol support. Do not spend much time here. All of these points will be covered in more depth later. by the value. The tag contains a field number (e.g., 2 for the id field of a Person message) and a wire type defining how the payload should be determined from the byte stream. These are combined into a Luckily, parse_varint is defined for you below. Wire Types Proto defines several wire types, only two of which are used in this exercise. The Varint wire type contains a single varint, and is used to encode

com/?bar bar http://foo.com/bar handler (callable) Function that transfers HTTP requests over the wire. The function is called with a Psr7\Http\Message\RequestInterface and array of transfer options, and duration of the timeout. HTTP_PROXY Defines the proxy to use when sending requests using the “http” protocol. 12 Chapter 1. User Guide Guzzle, Release Note: because the HTTP_PROXY variable may contain arbitrary more information. HTTPS_PROXY Defines the proxy to use when sending requests using the “https” protocol. Relevant ini Settings Guzzle can utilize PHP ini settings when configuring clients. openssl

com/?bar bar http://foo.com/bar handler (callable) Function that transfers HTTP requests over the wire. The function is called with a Psr7\Http\Message\RequestInterface and array of transfer options, and duration of the timeout. HTTP_PROXY Defines the proxy to use when sending requests using the "http" protocol. Note: because the HTTP_PROXY variable may contain arbitrary user input on some (CGI) environments more information. HTTPS_PROXY Defines the proxy to use when sending requests using the "https" protocol. NO_PROXY Defines URLs for which a proxy should not be used. See proxy for usage. Relevant ini

com/?bar bar http://foo.com/bar handler (callable) Function that transfers HTTP requests over the wire. The function is called with a Psr7\Http\Message\RequestInterface and array of transfer options, and duration of the timeout. HTTP_PROXY Defines the proxy to use when sending requests using the "http" protocol. Note: because the HTTP_PROXY variable may contain arbitrary user input on some (CGI) environments more information. HTTPS_PROXY Defines the proxy to use when sending requests using the "https" protocol. NO_PROXY Defines URLs for which a proxy should not be used. See proxy for usage. Relevant ini