Cheaper → More… Note: Chart expressed in trillions of real GDP as measured by 2011 ‘GK$’ on a logarithmic scale. GK$ (Gross Knowledge Dollars) is an informal term used to estimate the potential business Data / Cloud GPUs Computing Cycles Over Time – 1960s-2020s, per Morgan Stanley Note: Axis is logarithmic; i.e., there are expected to be tens of thousands more AI Era devices than Mainframe devices model with 70B parameters 5/24: Google introduces AI overviews to augment its search functions 9/24: Alibaba releases 100 open-source Qwen 2.5 models, with performance in line with

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 6 Mathematical Operations and Elementary Functions 30 6.1 Arithmetic Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Annotated Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 9 Functions 72 9.1 Argument Passing Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Keyword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 9.4 Operators Are Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 9.5 Operators With Special Names

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 6 Mathematical Operations and Elementary Functions 30 6.1 Arithmetic Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Annotated Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 9 Functions 72 9.1 Argument Passing Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Keyword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 9.4 Operators Are Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 9.5 Operators With Special Names

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 6 Mathematical Operations and Elementary Functions 30 6.1 Arithmetic Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Annotated Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 9 Functions 72 9.1 Argument Passing Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Keyword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 9.4 Operators Are Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 9.5 Operators With Special Names

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5 Mathematical Operations and Elementary Functions 26 5.1 Arithmetic Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Raw String Literals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 8 Functions 67 8.1 Argument Passing Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Keyword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 8.4 Operators Are Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 8.5 Operators With Special Names

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5 Mathematical Operations and Elementary Functions 26 5.1 Arithmetic Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Raw String Literals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 8 Functions 67 8.1 Argument Passing Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Keyword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 8.4 Operators Are Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 8.5 Operators With Special Names

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 6 Mathematical Operations and Elementary Functions 30 6.1 Arithmetic Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Annotated Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 9 Functions 72 9.1 Argument Passing Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Keyword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 9.4 Operators Are Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 9.5 Operators With Special Names

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 6 Mathematical Operations and Elementary Functions 30 6.1 Arithmetic Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Annotated Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 9 Functions 72 9.1 Argument Passing Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Keyword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 9.4 Operators Are Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 9.5 Operators With Special Names

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 6 Mathematical Operations and Elementary Functions 30 6.1 Arithmetic Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Annotated Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 9 Functions 72 9.1 Argument Passing Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Keyword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 9.4 Operators Are Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 9.5 Operators With Special Names

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 6 Mathematical Operations and Elementary Functions 30 6.1 Arithmetic Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Annotated Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 9 Functions 72 9.1 Argument Passing Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Keyword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 9.4 Operators Are Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 9.5 Operators With Special Names