现在让我们转向一些不太复杂的集合：哈希 map！ 164/562Rust 程序设计语言 简体中文版 使用 Hash Map 储存键值对 最后介绍的常用集合类型是哈希 map（hash map）。HashMap<K, V> 类型储存了一个键类型 K 对应一个值类型 V 的映射。它通过一个哈希函数（hashing function）来实现映射，决定如何 将键和值放入内存中。很多编程语言支持这种数据结构，不过通常有不同的名字：哈希、 map 中，其中键是队伍的名字而 值是每个队伍的分数。给出一个队名，就能检索到该队的得分。 本章我们会介绍哈希 map 的基本 API，不过还有更多吸引人的功能隐藏于标准库在 HashMap<K, V> 上定义的函数中。一如既往请查看标准库文档来了解更多信息。 新建一个哈希 map 可以使用 new 创建一个空的 HashMap，并使用 insert 增加元素。在示例 8-20 中我们记录两支 String 这样具体类型的泛型参数，就像一个获取未知类型值 的函数可以对多种具体类型的值运行同一段代码一样。事实上我们已经使用过第六章的 Option，第八章的 Vec 和 HashMap<K, V>，以及第九章的 Result 这些泛型了。本 章会探索如何使用泛型定义我们自己的类型、函数和方法！ 首先，我们将回顾一下提取函数以减少代码重复的机制。接下来，我们将使用相同的技术，从

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language models shown (per Epoch AI, includes state of the art improvement on a recognized benchmark, >1K citations, historically relevant, with significant use). Source: Epoch AI (5/25) Training Dataset language models shown (per Epoch AI, includes state of the art improvement on a recognized benchmark, >1K citations, historically relevant, with significant use). Source: Epoch AI (5/25) Training Compute 5MM 6MM 0 3 6 Number of Developers (MM) 7K 27K 0 15 30 2021 2025 Number of AI Startups (K) Number of Applications Using GPUs (K) 1.7K 4K 0 2.5 5 +2.4x +3.9x +2.4x Technology Ecosystem

accurate log(1+x) for x near zero exponent(x) binary exponent of x significand(x) binary significand (a.k.a. mantissa) of a floating-point number x Trigonometric and hyperbolic functions All the standard a substring using range indexing: julia> str[4:9] "lo, wo" Notice that the expressions str[k] and str[k:k] do not give the same result: julia> str[6] ',': ASCII/Unicode U+002C (category Po: Punctuation iterated over at the same time in a single for loop using zip: julia> for (j, k) in zip([1 2 3], [4 5 6 7]) println((j,k)) end (1, 4) (2, 5) (3, 6) Using zip will create an iterator that is a tuple

accurate log(1+x) for x near zero exponent(x) binary exponent of x significand(x) binary significand (a.k.a. mantissa) of a floating-point number x Trigonometric and hyperbolic functions All the standard a substring using range indexing: julia> str[4:9] "lo, wo" Notice that the expressions str[k] and str[k:k] do not give the same result: julia> str[6] ',': ASCII/Unicode U+002C (category Po: Punctuation iterated over at the same time in a single for loop using zip: julia> for (j, k) in zip([1 2 3], [4 5 6 7]) println((j,k)) end (1, 4) (2, 5) (3, 6) Using zip will create an iterator that is a tuple

log(1 + x) for x near zero exponent(x) binary exponent of x significand(x) binary significand (a.k.a. mantissa) of a floating-point number x Powers, logs and roots For an overview of why functions a substring using range indexing: julia> str[4:9] "lo, wo" Notice that the expressions str[k] and str[k:k] do not give the same result: julia> str[6] ',': ASCII/Unicode U+002C (category Po: Punctuation iterated over at the same time in a single for loop using zip: julia> for (j, k) in zip([1 2 3], [4 5 6 7]) println((j,k)) end (1, 4) (2, 5) (3, 6) Using zip will create an iterator that is a tuple

log(1 + x) for x near zero exponent(x) binary exponent of x significand(x) binary significand (a.k.a. mantissa) of a floating-point number x Powers, logs and roots For an overview of why functions a substring using range indexing: julia> str[4:9] "lo, wo" Notice that the expressions str[k] and str[k:k] do not give the same result: julia> str[6] ',': ASCII/Unicode U+002C (category Po: Punctuation iterated over at the same time in a single for loop using zip: julia> for (j, k) in zip([1 2 3], [4 5 6 7]) println((j,k)) end (1, 4) (2, 5) (3, 6) Using zip will create an iterator that is a tuple

log(1 + x) for x near zero exponent(x) binary exponent of x significand(x) binary significand (a.k.a. mantissa) of a floating-point number x Powers, logs and roots For an overview of why functions a substring using range indexing: julia> str[4:9] "lo, wo" Notice that the expressions str[k] and str[k:k] do not give the same result: julia> str[6] ',': ASCII/Unicode U+002C (category Po: Punctuation iterated over at the same time in a single for loop using zip: julia> for (j, k) in zip([1 2 3], [4 5 6 7]) println((j,k)) end (1, 4) (2, 5) (3, 6) Using zip will create an iterator that is a tuple

log(1 + x) for x near zero exponent(x) binary exponent of x significand(x) binary significand (a.k.a. mantissa) of a floating-point number x sin cos tan cot sec csc sinh cosh tanh coth sech csch asin a substring using range indexing: julia> str[4:9] "lo, wo" Notice that the expressions str[k] and str[k:k] do not give the same result: julia> str[6] ',': ASCII/Unicode U+002C (category Po: Punctuation iterated over at the same time in a single for loop using zip: julia> for (j, k) in zip([1 2 3], [4 5 6 7]) println((j,k)) end (1, 4) (2, 5) (3, 6) Using zip will create an iterator that is a tuple