the result is the same each time, so the operation is idempo- tent. In contrast, adding a line to a log file leaves multiple lines for the event, so it is not idempotent. This issue doesn’t seem obvious erator lets developers write declarations in their chosen language: Golang, TypeScript, Python, etc. Instead of translating their infrastructure ideas into YAML, developers can write the declarations in composes all resources from bases and can also add customizations on top of them. You can also write kustomization.yaml files that build on one another (for example, a base can refer to another base)

to achieve vs. how it should be achieved, and then the automated system should take care of it ahead of time. The opposite of declarative is an imperative approach where you try to define the sequence method for deploying applications to Kubernetes. The table below shows how GitOps separates read/write privileges among the cluster, CI and CD tooling, and the container repository, providing your code repository Read/write access to configuration repo Read/write access to the continuous integration environment Read/write access to the production cluster Read/write access to container

Stability When you use Git to manage your Kubernetes cluster, you automatically gain a convenient audit log of all cluster changes outside of Kubernetes. An audit trail of who did what, and when to your cluster cluster API. A TYPICAL SOFTWARE DELIVERY PIPELINE CONTINUOUS INTEGRATION CONTINUOUS DEPLOYMENT Write Code VCS Code Base Unit Tests Integ Tests Container Registry DEPLOY eBook 8 Security and the Typical the cluster, providing a simple way for your team to achieve continuous deployment. RW - Read/Write RO - Read Only CI - Continuous Integration eBook 10 GitOps Separation of Privileges CI Tooling

... vfs_rename() 而 linux 下的 mv 操作之所以能跨文件系统，是因为它是通过 read 源文件，然后 write 目标文件的方式实现的：© XXX Page 10 of 15 mv $ strace -o log sh -c 'mv srcfile /tmp/dstfile' ... rename("srcfile", "/tmp/dstfile") open("/tmp/dstfile", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 0600) = 4 read(3, "hello world\n", 131072) = 12 write(4, "hello world\n", 12) = 12 ... 2. 在多客户端情况下，是否需要加锁来保证其原子性？ 我认为是需要的，根据 POSIX 对接口原子的要求，rename()

manage all deployments both infrastructure changes and code, you automatically generate a full audit log of all cluster changes made outside of Kubernetes. In short, it tells you who did what, and when. Business Performance: The Facts 8 GitOps gives developers a self-service model, enabling them to write, integrate and deploy code faster. For Mettle, this shift to a true self-service model reduced the

默认日志路径：/var/log/mysqld.log 杭州飞致云信息科技有限公司 23 使用如下命令查看日志： tail -f /var/log/mysqld.log 6.3 Nginx 服务日志 Nginx 默认日志路径：/var/log/nginx；其中 access.log 为访问日志，error.log 为错误日志。 使用如下命令查看日志： tail -f /var/log/nginx/error /var/log/nginx/error.log 七、监控服务 7.1 服务说明 1）此监控服务采用部署包形式通过云管平台导入进行安装部署，能自动拉取客户端监控数 据，通过数据可视化展示，并且将异常数据通过监控告警邮件直接发送至管理员邮箱。解决 了服务器信息数据不直观、异常信息不能及时发现等问题。 2）组件：  使用 Exporter 收集客户机指标  使用 Prometheus Server 抓取数据

pull requests each time you do a release. ● 10 Git repositories. This means that you need to write your own solution that copies commits between the repositories (or uses Pull Requests between them) This is very complex to accomplish and not all teams want to let their deployment solution have write access to their Git repo. It goes without saying that different people might want a completely matches again what is deployed in the cluster. Today to achieve this workflow, you need to write custom glue code in addition to adopting a GitOps tool. Running GitOps at scale The last critical

revert/rollback and fork in the case of a catastrophic event. Meet compliance requirements Build an audit log of all cluster changes and attribution that meets SOC 2 compliance just by using Git. Standardize

your choice of deployment strategy. In a push-based approach, only the automation tooling needs write access to the environment. In a pull-based approach, the environment just needs read access to the