Administrator Kubernetes Application Developer Other Boundaries GitOps Repo Example Conclusion 33 Chapter 6–CI/CD with GitOps CI and CD Can Be Decoupled Integrating enforces immutability and versioning and that retains a complete version history. The canonical example of the “versioned and immutable” principle is Git, which is why it’s the first element in the term Although Git is a good example of this principle, you don’t need to use Git as your state store. Anything that complies with this principle can be used in GitOps (S3 storage, for example). However, in this

The Principles of GitOps The entire system is described declaratively. Kubernetes is just one example of many modern cloud native tools that are “declarative” and that can be treated as code. Declarative organizations? Your development team writes and then pushes code into a code repo. Let’s say for example that you have one microservice repo and in that repo, you bundle your application code along with need a Kubernetes cluster. This tutorial should work with any valid Kubernetes installation. This example uses three Ubuntu hosts on Digital Ocean and then installs Kubernetes with kubeadm. Sign up for

state in Git results in system instability for your actual state present in the cluster. For example, let’s say you have stored your current system state with version number 1.0.0 (semantic versioning) KUBERNETES The way Kubernetes handles deployments lends itself very well to GitOps workflows. For example, when a group of configuration updates are made by a human operator, the Kubernetes orchestrator based on values/variables. You can find more about them here. HELM FILE STRUCTURE test-chart Example ``` test-chart/ ├── charts #Required ├── Chart.yaml

breaks down when it comes to advanced deployments adopted by big organizations. The canonical example of mixing CI and CD is with smoke testing. Let’s say that you want to run some smoke tests AFTER forcing you to adopt a specific Git branching pattern (branch per environment). A classic example is when you have different environments per geographical region (per continent or per country) people making commits to specific environments (instead of using shared configuration). For example, if you have 20 git repositories with Kubernetes manifests and you need to make a central change

consistent way to build and deliver applications from on-prem to edge. Deutsche Telekom is a great example of an organization that needs to support legacy applications and extend them with cloud capabilities Being in the retail space, MediaMarktSaturn has many days of unusually high traffic spikes. For example, to prepare for a Black Friday sale, the platform team had to start ordering additional servers quicker adoption time. However, for many organizations, it can take more time. State Farm, for example, had 3 phases when adopting GitOps. Jan 2020 - General availability of GitOps (Public Cloud and

next? @rytswd #IstioCon Simply put, it is about combining multiple Kubernetes clusters. For example, UPSIDER currently has 4 clusters with Istio multicluster setup. Benefits are: ● Separate cluster Istio Operator istio-operator Manages Istio installation with IstioOperator Custom Resource Example ● Data Plane with 5 proxies ● Each pod knows endpoint details of other pods ● Can be Sidecar

leverages these attributes according to the four following principles: Kubernetes is just one example of many modern, cloud-native tools that are declarative and can be treated as code. The system’s

offers limitless possibilities to extend and integrate infrastructure to meet any needs. GitOps example Let's take a real-world scenario of GitOps where a web application is deployed in a cloud environment