environment to another. Administrators use control planes to manage different deployments on one cluster or many clusters, each one running a PipeCD agent. This control plane is state- less. Its central task task is to manage deployments on other clusters running the PipeCD agents. The control plane manages authentication as well. Keptn Developed by Dynatrace, Keptn [2.11] was designed to provide visibility exactly are Operators? Operators are built on top of Custom Resource Definitions (CRDs) [3.4] in Kubernetes. A CRD lets you define a resource Kubernetes can manage that is not part of the core primitives

Kubernetes • GitOps for Kubernetes Essentials • Conclusion Git is the most widely used version control system, with more than 80 percent of its market share in today’s software industry. GitOps is a developer experience. In the last few years, the number of tools and systems needed to manage version control, configuration management, Infrastructure as Code, CI/CD, and observability have drastically where infrastructure and application configuration changes revolve around Git, i.e., the version control ecosystem. The focus is entirely on keeping Git as a single source of truth for infrastructure

infrastructure GitOps allows developers or the Ops team to declare their infrastructure as code and version control them via Git. Whenever a new change is required, a pull request with the new change is created, executing during deployments, saving time for Ops teams to diagnose and fix those errors. Besides, source control allows multiple teams to work on different parts of the infrastructure without interfering with each infrastructure, it can drastically reduce errors in the application infrastructure. On top of that, version control allows users to audit changes and roll back to previous states with ease. This, in turn, improves

development lifecycle, GitOps contributes to the automation of infrastructure. This includes version control, collaboration, compliance, and CI/CD. GitOps is a specific implementation of DevOps that uses often requires breaking down monolithic applications into microservices, which can be a complex and resource-intensive task - but one that will pay off by providing flexibility in the future. Another significant a pull-based approach that combines a cloud-native continuous delivery (CD) with a cloud-native control plane. Combining ArgoCD and Crossplane is a popular approach for Kubernetes applications. Developer

secret。 control plane (GitOps control plane) 在 GitOps 上下文中，您可以为每个安装的 Argo CD 有一个 control plane。GitOps control plane 是您 可以安装 Argo CD 的任何命名空间。此 control plane 允许您在网络、实例和集群间置备、管理和操作 Argo CD。 在 control plane 对象 代表部署目标的 GitOps 存储库凭证的 secret 对象 openshift-gitops 是默 是默认 认 Argo CD 实 实例的 例的 control plane 命名空 命名空间 间。 。 声明性 声明性设 设置 置 有关系 有关系统 统和 和应 应用程序 用程序设 设置或配置所需的基 置或配置所需的基础 础架 程集群与安装 Argo CD 的本地集 的本地集 群不同。 群不同。 resource Exclusion 用于从 用于从发现 发现和同步中排除 和同步中排除资 资源的配置，以便 源的配置，以便 Argo CD 不知道它 不知道它们 们。 。 resource Inclusion 用于包含 用于包含资 资源的配置，用于全局 源的配置，用于全局发现

clusters with Istio multicluster setup. Benefits are: ● Separate cluster management for better control and audit ● Redundancy and High Availability But it does (did) pose challenges... What is Multicluster Target Audience What to expect Istio Multicluster First Demo About GitOps Second Demo What’s next? Control Plane Data Plane istiod Manages data plane components Handles Custom Resources Handles actual Gateway @rytswd Istio Operator istio-operator Manages Istio installation with IstioOperator Custom Resource Example ● Data Plane with 5 proxies ● Each pod knows endpoint details of other pods ● Can

It also makes use of diff tools to compare the actual production state with what’s under source control and alerts you when there is a divergence. The ultimate goal of GitOps is to speed up development Whatever you choose for your delivery pipeline, applying GitOps best practices with Git (or any version control) should be an integral component of your process. It will make building and adopting continuous desired system state is versioned in Git. With the declaration of your system stored in a version control system, and serving as your canonical source of truth, you have a single place from which everything

fulfill its role as an internal service provider, the platform team must take a strategic approach to resource management. “The challenge is not in the technology itself, or the tools... The challenge is mainly organization like the Department of Defense (DoD). With the world’s most powerful weapons arsenal in its control, there is no room for error with security. The DoD has been transforming itself in recent years changed, and having the ability to rollback specific changes if necessary. This kind of precise control over deployments and change management is a hallmark of the platform approach to software delivery

classic examples are: ● The replica count if you have an autoscaler in your cluster ● The resource limits if you have an optimizer in your cluster ● Several other extra properties added by external projects, deployments, and environment configuration within a company can quickly get out of control. Scalability is important not only in regard to technical capacity but also in regard to visibility

Lifecycle Management 网络 计算 存储 数据库 System Resource Monolithic Sprint Cloud Coding VScode EFK Prometheus Serverless Tencent Serverless System Resource Mysql Ceph Docker KVM 业务运维 平台运维 系统运维 Serverless Function IBM Open Wisk Tencent Cloud SCF Ali Cloud FC Firebase Serverless：云计算新趋势 … System Resource Serverless 介绍 什么是 Serverless Application ❑ 无服务器：不代表真的不需要服务器，只不过服务器由云厂商维护 ❑ 是一种软件系统架构思想和方法，不是软件框架、类库或者工具 是一种软件系统架构思想和方法，不是软件框架、类库或者工具 ❑ 核心思想：无须关注底层资源，比如：CPU、内存和数据库等，只 需关注业务开发 用户运维 Cloud Vendor System Resource Serverless 化 / Serverless … CaaS (Compute as a Service) … BaaS (Backend as a Service) Serverless ≈ CaaS