Istio As An API Gateway Discussion Flow ● What is an API Gateway? ● What is a Service Mesh? ● Common Features ● API Gateway + Service Mesh together! ● Istio as the API Gateway ● Advantages ● ● Challenges ● Where It Isn’t a Good Fit? What is an API Gateway? What is a Service Mesh? Common Features Common Features ● Load Balancing ● Request Routing ● Service Discovery ● JWT Authentication Logging, Monitoring, Tracing API Gateway + Service Mesh together! Limitations of This Approach ● Maintaining Two Tools ● Maintaining Two Expert Pools Istio as the API Gateway Advantages Advantages

Creating API Tests Low Effort API Testing for Microservices | CONFIDENTIAL • What has changed? – Migration to microservices triggering need for extensive API tests • Problem: – Creating API tests • What is our solution? – Leverage Istio sidecar to listen to API traffic data and create tests from the data – 10x speed in creating API tests • Can also be sped up by just navigating the application Significantly reduced time and cost for API testing for microservices architectures with Istio – Fewer failures higher up the test pyramid as a result of improved API tests • Istio benefits – Venky / Prasad

Istio control plane along with a set of TCP services that it exposes. One of which is the “/debug” API hosted on 15014/TCP by default. This service exposes a web interface that is accessible without authentication remote: multi-cluster remote control plane setup • default: default settings of the IstioOperator API • demo: enables a variety of extra features • empty: provides a template • minimal: minimal config names- pace. If, in the future, a privilege escalation vector is identified for any of the Kubernetes API Groups, escape from a specific namespace is possible. Description Istio documentation in the above

to be language agnostic? #IstioCon Virtual Services API ● Solves our problems, but… ● All Service Owners must be aware of the Virtual Services API in order to define their SLOs. ● Potential typing between the state of the service API and the Virtual Service config. ● Hard to manage when having hundreds of services. #IstioCon Abstracting to proto files Annotations API definition Greeting service

Listener Downstre am Filter Filter Filter Cluster Upstrea m Filter Chain 扩展自定义Filter, 并通过xDS API动态配置 L4 Network Filters L7 Http Filters 3 Listener & Filters before outbound services Listener Downst 以选择实现过滤器的编程语言。 ○ 可靠性和隔离性：过滤器会被部署到VM沙箱中，因此与Envoy进程本身是隔离的；即使 当WASM Filter出现问题导致崩溃时，它也不会影响Envoy进程。 ○ 安全性：过滤器通过预定义API与Envoy代理进行通信，因此它们可以访问并只能修改有 限数量的连接或请求属性。 ● Cons ○ 性能约为C++编写的原生静态编译的Filter的70％; ○ 由于需要启动一个或多个WASM虚拟机，因此会消耗一定的内存使用量; 下发到Envoy Proxy侧的配置 9 OCI Registry As Storage ● OCI Artifacts项目的参考实现, 可显著简化OCI注册库中任意内容的存储; ● 可以使用ORAS API/SDK Library来构建自定义工具， ○ 将WebAssembly模块推入到OCI注册库中; ○ 或者从OCI注册库中拉取WebAssembly模块; ● oras cli类似于docker

1 Istiod Cluster 2 API server API server Ingress Ingress Service A Service B Service B Mirror Simplified Istio Multicluster Model #IstioCon Istiod Cluster API server Gateway Service #IstioCon Istio Standardize APIs Adopt Kubernetes service API Protocol declaration in Kubernetes service descriptor Transform informal API to formal API External authz #IstioCon analyze describe bug-report

(Service) POD Workload (Service) POD Workload (Service) VM Workload (Service) VM Workload (Service) VM API Gateway Ingress & Egress Mesh can include VMs ● Multi tenancy ● Traffic shaping and canary controls reporting ● Service discovery across multiple clusters ● Fine-grained ingress & egress controls ● API GW is part of the mesh ● Workflows for collaborative agility More About Multi Cluster ● Multi tenancy zero dependency WebAssembly runtime written in Go. ● Contribute to Go/TinyGo/Rust ● Using WasmPlugin API to extend Istio ● GitHub: tetratelabs/wazero Istio Security Scanner ● Make Istio Security Best Practices

svcB svcA Rules API Pilot 80% Istio 灰度发布：基于请求内容 Version2 Envoy SVC Envoy SVC Pod1 Pod2 Pod3 Envoy SVC Pod1 Pod2 Version1(canary) group=dev svcB svcA Rules API Pilot apiVersion: 在Google：microservices become API Apigee API Management complements Istio with the robust features of Google Cloud's Apigee API management platform, Apigee Edge, by extending API management natively into

: Istio Mixer authz adapt Implement role-based authorization – whether this user can access this api based on its role => Version 2: Envoyfilter ext_authz #IstioCon Wise Platform #IstioCon Wise Excellent Observability - Access logs Log Files Parse Istio-proxy Log • Each API Access Count • Each API Fail Rate • Each API Latency Easy to debug Easy to report Easy to alert Elastalert #IstioCon Istio-proxy log showed in kibana after parse #IstioCon Excellent Observability - Access logs API Error In last 30 days #IstioCon Thank you! WeChat: johnzhengaz Github: johnzheng1975

#IstioCon eBay Applications eBay is powered by ● More than 5,000 Microservices ranging from ○ API services, Search Engine, etc. ○ Databases, Key-Value stores - Oracle, MySQL, etc. ○ Big data systems in AZ K8s Cluster K8s Cluster #IstioCon Step 2: Replace Hardware LBs with Software K8s API Server NLB Controllers Istiod Network Load Balancer (NLB) Network Load Balancer (NLB) Ingress within an AZ AZ AZ Cluster Ingress Gateways API Server Istiod East-West Gateway watch API Server Pods, Services Workload Cluster API Server Pods, Services Workload Cluster watch