c h t o t h e e x t e n t p os s i b l e u n d e r l aw , T h e I d r i s C o m m u n i t y h as w ai v e d al l c op y r i gh t an d r e l at e d or n e i gh b or i n g r i gh t s t o D oc u m e n t at 0 c an b e f ou n d on l i n e at : h t t p : //c r e at i v e c om m on s . or g/ p u b l i c d om ai n /z e r o/1. 0/ 1 C H AP T E R 1 T h e I d r i s T u t o r i a l T h i s i s t h e I d r i s T c h t o t h e e x t e n t p os s i b l e u n d e r l aw , T h e I d r i s C o m m u n i t y h as w ai v e d al l c op y r i gh t an d r e l at e d or n e i gh b or i n g r i gh t s t o D oc u m e n t at

c h t o t h e e x t e n t p os s i b l e u n d e r l aw , T h e I d r i s C o m m u n i t y h as w ai v e d al l c op y r i gh t an d r e l at e d or n e i gh b or i n g r i gh t s t o D oc u m e n t at 0 c an b e f ou n d on l i n e at : h t t p : //c r e at i v e c om m on s . or g/ p u b l i c d om ai n /z e r o/1. 0/ 1 C H AP T E R 1 T h e I d r i s T u t o r i a l T h i s i s t h e I d r i s T c h t o t h e e x t e n t p os s i b l e u n d e r l aw , T h e I d r i s C o m m u n i t y h as w ai v e d al l c op y r i gh t an d r e l at e d or n e i gh b or i n g r i gh t s t o D oc u m e n t at

c h t o t h e e x t e n t p os s i b l e u n d e r l aw , T h e I d r i s C o m m u n i t y h as w ai v e d al l c op y r i gh t an d r e l at e d or n e i gh b or i n g r i gh t s t o D oc u m e n t at 0 c an b e f ou n d on l i n e at : h t t p : //c r e at i v e c om m on s . or g/ p u b l i c d om ai n /z e r o/1. 0/ 1 C H AP T E R 1 T h e I d r i s T u t o r i a l T h i s i s t h e I d r i s T c h t o t h e e x t e n t p os s i b l e u n d e r l aw , T h e I d r i s C o m m u n i t y h as w ai v e d al l c op y r i gh t an d r e l at e d or n e i gh b or i n g r i gh t s t o D oc u m e n t at

c h t o t h e e x t e n t p os s i b l e u n d e r l aw , T h e I d r i s C o m m u n i t y h as w ai v e d al l c op y r i gh t an d r e l at e d or n e i gh b or i n g r i gh t s t o D oc u m e n t at 0 c an b e f ou n d on l i n e at : h t t p : //c r e at i v e c om m on s . or g/ p u b l i c d om ai n /z e r o/1. 0/ 1 C H AP T E R 1 T h e I d r i s T u t o r i a l T h i s i s t h e I d r i s T c h t o t h e e x t e n t p os s i b l e u n d e r l aw , T h e I d r i s C o m m u n i t y h as w ai v e d al l c op y r i gh t an d r e l at e d or n e i gh b or i n g r i gh t s t o D oc u m e n t at

c h t o t h e e x t e n t p os s i b l e u n d e r l aw , T h e I d r i s C o m m u n i t y h as w ai v e d al l c op y r i gh t an d r e l at e d or n e i gh b or i n g r i gh t s t o D oc u m e n t at 0 c an b e f ou n d on l i n e at : h t t p : //c r e at i v e c om m on s . or g/ p u b l i c d om ai n /z e r o/1. 0/ 1 C H AP T E R 1 T h e I d r i s T u t o r i a l T h i s i s t h e I d r i s T c h t o t h e e x t e n t p os s i b l e u n d e r l aw , T h e I d r i s C o m m u n i t y h as w ai v e d al l c op y r i gh t an d r e l at e d or n e i gh b or i n g r i gh t s t o D oc u m e n t at

c h t o t h e e x t e n t p os s i b l e u n d e r l aw , T h e I d r i s C o m m u n i t y h as w ai v e d al l c op y r i gh t an d r e l at e d or n e i gh b or i n g r i gh t s t o D oc u m e n t at 0 c an b e f ou n d on l i n e at : h t t p : //c r e at i v e c om m on s . or g/ p u b l i c d om ai n /z e r o/1. 0/ 1 C H AP T E R 1 T h e I d r i s T u t o r i a l T h i s i s t h e I d r i s T c h t o t h e e x t e n t p os s i b l e u n d e r l aw , T h e I d r i s C o m m u n i t y h as w ai v e d al l c op y r i gh t an d r e l at e d or n e i gh b or i n g r i gh t s t o D oc u m e n t at

c h t o t h e e x t e n t p os s i b l e u n d e r l aw , T h e I d r i s C o m m u n i t y h as w ai v e d al l c op y r i gh t an d r e l at e d or n e i gh b or i n g r i gh t s t o D oc u m e n t at 0 c an b e f ou n d on l i n e at : h t t p : //c r e at i v e c om m on s . or g/ p u b l i c d om ai n /z e r o/1. 0/ 1 C H AP T E R 1 T h e I d r i s T u t o r i a l T h i s i s t h e I d r i s T c h t o t h e e x t e n t p os s i b l e u n d e r l aw , T h e I d r i s C o m m u n i t y h as w ai v e d al l c op y r i gh t an d r e l at e d or n e i gh b or i n g r i gh t s t o D oc u m e n t at

c h t o t h e e x t e n t p os s i b l e u n d e r l aw , T h e I d r i s C o m m u n i t y h as w ai v e d al l c op y r i gh t an d r e l at e d or n e i gh b or i n g r i gh t s t o D oc u m e n t at 0 c an b e f ou n d on l i n e at : h t t p : //c r e at i v e c om m on s . or g/ p u b l i c d om ai n /z e r o/1. 0/ 1 C H AP T E R 1 T h e I d r i s T u t o r i a l T h i s i s t h e I d r i s T c h t o t h e e x t e n t p os s i b l e u n d e r l aw , T h e I d r i s C o m m u n i t y h as w ai v e d al l c op y r i gh t an d r e l at e d or n e i gh b or i n g r i gh t s t o D oc u m e n t at

c h t o t h e e x t e n t p os s i b l e u n d e r l aw , T h e I d r i s C o m m u n i t y h as w ai v e d al l c op y r i gh t an d r e l at e d or n e i gh b or i n g r i gh t s t o D oc u m e n t at 0 c an b e f ou n d on l i n e at : h t t p : //c r e at i v e c om m on s . or g/p u b l i c d om ai n /z e r o/1. 0/ 1 C H A P T E R 1 T h e I d r i s T u t or i al T h i s i s t h e I d r i s T c h t o t h e e x t e n t p os s i b l e u n d e r l aw , T h e I d r i s C o m m u n i t y h as w ai v e d al l c op y r i gh t an d r e l at e d or n e i gh b or i n g r i gh t s t o D oc u m e n t at

c h t o t h e e x t e n t p os s i b l e u n d e r l aw , T h e I d r i s C o m m u n i t y h as w ai v e d al l c op y r i gh t an d r e l at e d or n e i gh b or i n g r i gh t s t o D oc u m e n t at c an b e f ou n d on l i n e at : h t t p s : //c r e at i v e c om m on s . or g/ p u b l i c d om ai n /z e r o/1. 0/ 1 I n t r od u c t i on I n c on v e n t i on al p r ogr am m i n g l an gu age e n gt h of t h e l i s t an d c an b e an ar b i t r ar y t e r m . W h e n t y p e s c an c on t ai n v al u e s , an d w h e r e t h os e v al u e s d e s c r i b e p r op e r t i e s , f or e x am