www.iresearch.com.cn Kubernetes 75% OpenShift 15% Docker Compose 5% others 5% 来源：Google Trend，艾瑞咨询研究院根据公开资料研究及绘制。 来源：Sysdig（2021），艾瑞咨询研究院根据公开资料研究及绘制。 2021年8月，Elastic对其官方Python客户 端做出修改，使其无法和各分支版本兼容 MongoDB修改开源协议时间线 2009年2月，MongoDB首次在数据 库领域亮相，使用AGPL开源协议 2019年2月，Red Hat明确表示不会 在新版本中提供对MongoDB的支持 2018年10月，MongoDB修改其开源协议为SSPL，提到“部分云厂商使 用其开源代码提供MongoDB商业托管版本以获取收益，但并未共享代

validation 开源软件公司迎来上市潮，多家公司估值已突破 100 亿美元。1999 年，Red Hat 在纳斯达 克上市为开源软件公司进行商业化点燃信心。据不完全统计，自此已有近 20 家开源软件公司 纷纷走上了上市的道路。我们看到，开源软件公司在上市之初的估值，也从最开始 Red Hat 的 36 亿美元，提升到 GitLab 的 110 亿美元。同时，公司上市后市值也在不断上升。例如 are seeing a wave of IPOs, with several companies already valued at over $10 billion. In 1999, Red Hat went public on the NASDAQ to give open source companies the confidence to commercialize. Since valuation of open source software companies at the start of their IPOs rise from $3.6 billion at Red Hat to $11 billion at GitLab. At the same time, the market capitalization of companies has been rising

1 开源商业模式验证 开源软件公司迎来上市潮，多家公司估值已突破 100 亿美元。1999 年，Red Hat 在纳斯 达克上市为开源软件公司进行商业化点燃信心。据不完全统计，自此已有近 20 家开源软 件公司纷纷走上了上市的道路。我们看到，开源软件公司在上市之初的估值，也从最开始 Red Hat 的 36 亿美元，提升到 GitLab 的 110 亿美元。同时，公司上市后市值也在不断上升。 些依赖关键任务系统项目的客户才愿意为支持付费。 然而，那些严重依赖项目的人自然会随着时间的推 移投入自己的工程努力来了解项目，从而减少对外部支持的需求。选择 Support 支持服务商业路径的主 要公司案例是 Red Hat。 Hosting 托管——供应商将其开源软件作为服务托管在云上，通过收取每月 / 每年的托管和服务费获利。 托管意味着提供一个完全托管的项目版本，当用户想要在生产中部署时，可以使用该软件启动远程服务器， Kaltura $166 2016/8 1.5k 349 21 Liferay Liferay Portal - 1.8k 3k 700 VA Linux(Geeknet) Linux $30 Red Hat Linux $5 120k 39.3k 5000+ SUSE Linux Kernel - 16 5 5000+ Magento Commerce Magento $273 2017/1 9

生产的硬件或与 之相关的补丁。 2023 年 6 月，红帽宣布了限制源代码 访问性的政策，称其企业发行版 RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux)相关源码 仅通过 CentOS Stream 公开，付费客 户 和 合 作 伙 伴 可 通 过 Red Hat Customer Portal 访问到源代码。 8 月，素有 “全球白帽黑客奥斯卡奖” 之称的网络安全奖项 Pwnie

味着它是持续更新的，这意味着用户遇到IT问题的可能性较低。 24 https://cityvizor.cz/landing 25 https://www.redhat.com/en/about/press-releases/red-hat-opens-open-source-lab-czech-technical-university-prague 26 https://www.root.cz/zpravicky/rozhl

by touch. If you press Alt at any time while you are drawing a selection box, it will turn into a red path. Anything the path touches will be selected. Selection by touch can be convenient, when the objects defined for its outline (or stroke) and its main color (or fill). This can be a plain color (e.g. dark red), a pattern (e.g. stripes or flowers), or a gradient (e.g. a smooth transition from green to blue) In both the Fill and the Stroke paint tabs, you will find 6 different color selection modes: RGB (Red, Green, Blue), HSL (Hue, Saturation, Lightness), HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value), CMYK (Cyan, Magenta

by touch. If you press Alt at any time while you are drawing a selection box, it will turn into a red path. Anything the path touches will be selected. Selection by touch can be convenient, when the objects defined for its outline (or stroke) and its main color (or fill). This can be a plain color (e.g. dark red), a pattern (e.g. stripes or flowers), or a gradient (e.g. a smooth transition from green to blue) In both the Fill and the Stroke paint tabs, you will find 6 different color selection modes: RGB (Red, Green, Blue), HSL (Hue, Saturation, Lightness), HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value), CMYK (Cyan, Magenta

by touch. If you press Alt at any time while you are drawing a selection box, it will turn into a red path. Anything the path touches will be selected. Caution: Make sure you don’t have anything selected defined for its outline (or stroke) and its main color (or fill). This can be a plain color (e.g. dark red), a pattern (e.g. stripes or flowers), or a gradient (e.g. a smooth transition from green to blue) In both the Fill and the Stroke paint tabs, you will find 6 different color selection modes: RGB (Red, Green, Blue), HSL (Hue, Saturation, Lightness), HSV (Hue, Satu- ration, Value), CMYK (Cyan, Magenta

by touch. If you press Alt at any time while you are drawing a selection box, it will turn into a red path. Anything the path touches will be selected. Caution: Make sure you don’t have anything selected defined for its outline (or stroke) and its main color (or fill). This can be a plain color (e.g. dark red), a pattern (e.g. stripes or flowers), or a gradient (e.g. a smooth transition from green to blue) In both the Fill and the Stroke paint tabs, you will find 6 different color selection modes: RGB (Red, Green, Blue), HSL (Hue, Saturation, Lightness), HSV (Hue, Satu- ration, Value), CMYK (Cyan, Magenta

defined for its outline (or stroke) and its main color (or fill). This can be a plain color (e.g. dark red), a pattern (e.g. stripes or flowers), or a gradient (e.g. a smooth transition from green to blue) In both the Fill and the Stroke paint tabs, you will find 5 different color selection modes: RGB (Red, Green, Blue), HSL (Hue, Saturation, Lightness), CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key/Black), Wheel (Colorwheel) of the frame, it will automatically flow into the next line. The border of the text frame will turn red when the text doesn’t completely fit into it. 3. You can change the dimensions of the text box by