DistSQL is divided into RDL, RQL and RAL. • RDL (Resource & Rule Definition Language) responsible for the definition of resources and rules; • RQL (Resource & Rule Query Language) responsible for the query query of resources and rules; • RAL (Resource & Rule Administration Language) responsible for the added‐on administrator fea‐ ture of hint, transaction type switch, sharding execute planning and so on TABLE t_order CHECK TABLE t_order SET RESOURCE GROUP group_name DROP RESOURCE GROUP group_name CREATE RESOURCE GROUP group_name TYPE = SYSTEM ALTER RESOURCE GROUP rg1 VCPU = 0‐63 4.1. DB Compatibility

connect to ShardingSphere‐Proxy, if ShardingSphere‐Proxy does not create a Schema or does not add a Resource, the client connection will fail? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 7 adding a data source using DistSQL? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 7.8.19 [DistSQL] How to solve Resource [xxx] is still used by [Sin- gleTableRule]. exception when dropping a data source using DistSQL DistSQL is divided into RDL, RQL and RAL. • RDL (Resource & Rule Definition Language) responsible for the definition of resources and rules; • RQL (Resource & Rule Query Language) responsible for the query

connect to ShardingSphere‐Proxy, if ShardingSphere‐Proxy does not create a Schema or does not add a Resource, the client connection will fail? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 7 adding a data source using DistSQL? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 7.8.19 [DistSQL] How to solve Resource [xxx] is still used by [Sin- gleTableRule]. exception when dropping a data source using DistSQL DistSQL is divided into RDL, RQL and RAL. • RDL (Resource & Rule Definition Language) responsible for the definition of resources and rules; • RQL (Resource & Rule Query Language) responsible for the query

execution engine is to automat‐ ically balance between the resource control and the execution efficiency. Connection Mode From the perspective of resource control, the connection number of the business side’s should be limited. It can effectively prevent some certain business from occupying exces‐ sive resource, exhausting database connection resources and influencing the normal use of other busi‐ nesses It does not require to load all the query results to the memory. Thus, it is able to save memory resource effectively and reduce trash recycle frequency. When it is not able to make sure each sharding

connect to ShardingSphere‐Proxy, if ShardingSphere‐Proxy does not create a database or does not add a resource, the client connection will fail? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 8 adding a data source using DistSQL? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 8.5.2 DistSQL How to solve Resource [xxx] is still used by [Sin- gleTableRule]. exception when dropping a data source using DistSQL transaction adopts the concepts including AP(application program), YM(transaction manager) and RM(resource manager) to ensure the strong consistency of distributed transactions. Those concepts are abstracted

connect to ShardingSphere‐Proxy, if ShardingSphere‐Proxy does not create a database or does not add a resource, the client connection will fail? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496 8 adding a data source using DistSQL? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498 8.5.2 DistSQL How to solve Resource [xxx] is still used by [Sin- gleTableRule]. exception when dropping a data source using DistSQL transaction adopts the concepts including AP(application program), TM(transaction manager) and RM(resource manager) to ensure the strong consistency of distributed transactions. Those concepts are abstracted

[Proxy] 使用 Navicat 等第三方数据库工具连接 ShardingSphere‐Proxy 时，如 果 ShardingSphere‐Proxy 没有创建 Schema 或者没有添加 Resource，连接失败？ 290 7.7.8 8. [分片] Cloud not resolve placeholder ⋯in string value ⋯异常的解决方法? . . 290 7.7.9 DistSQL 细分为 RDL、RQL 和 RAL 三种类型。 • RDL（Resource & Rule Definition Language）负责资源和规则的创建、修改和删除； • RQL（Resource & Rule Query Language）负责资源和规则的查询和展现； • RAL（Resource & Rule Administration Language）负责 Hint、事务类型切换、分片执行计划查询 TABLE t_order CHECK TABLE t_order SET RESOURCE GROUP group_name DROP RESOURCE GROUP group_name CREATE RESOURCE GROUP group_name TYPE = SYSTEM ALTER RESOURCE GROUP rg1 VCPU = 0‐63 PostgreSQL PostgreSQL

transaction adopts the concepts including AP(application program), TM(transaction manager) and RM(resource manager) to ensure the strong consistency of distributed transactions. Those concepts are abstracted during the exe‐ cution of transactions. Flexible transaction is to move mutex operations from the resource level to the 8.2. Distributed Transaction 35 Apache ShardingSphere document business level through following diagram has shown the complex topological rela‐ tions between applications and database groups when sharding used together with readwrite‐splitting. 8.3. Readwrite-splitting 39 Apache ShardingSphere

transaction adopts the concepts including AP(application program), TM(transaction manager) and RM(resource manager) to ensure the strong consistency of distributed transactions. Those concepts are abstracted during the exe‐ cution of transactions. Flexible transaction is to move mutex operations from the resource level to the 8.2. Distributed Transaction 35 Apache ShardingSphere document business level through following diagram has shown the complex topological rela‐ tions between applications and database groups when sharding used together with readwrite‐splitting. 8.3. Readwrite-splitting 39 Apache ShardingSphere

工具类，它包含一些实用方法，可使从 classpath 或其他位置加载资源文件更加容易。 String resource = "org/mybatis/example/mybatis-config.xml"; InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource); sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder() value="${password}"/> resource="org/mybatis/example/BlogMapper.xml"/> 当然，还有很多可以在XML 文件中进行配置，上面的示例指出的则是最关键的部分。要注意 properties 这些属性都是可外部配置且可动态替换的，既可以在典型的 Java 属性文件中配置，亦可通过 properties 元素的子元素来传递。例 如： resource="org/mybatis/example/config.properties">

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