. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.1.1. Needs of the Access Layer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4.2.3. Removing SYSDBA access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . firebirdsql.org This article discusses the security of Firebird database files and in particular access to the metadata stored in those files. It has been written in response to frequent questions on

data storage structures, referential integrity mechanisms, to data manipulation capabilities and access privileges. Firebird also implements a robust procedural language — procedural SQL (PSQL) — for deci-milliseconds precision. Deci-milliseconds precision is rare and is not supported by all drivers and access components. The best assumption to make from all this is that, although Firebird stores TIME and there as the argument for Restrict. If the file does not exist yet, Firebird will create it on first access.  The ability to use external files for a table depends on the value set for the ExternalFileAccess

perform a local (embedded or XNET) backup of the security database; embedded mode requires filesystem access rights to the database file; XNET (Windows only) requires username and password. 2. (only after databases) Install Firebird 5 (see later sections) 3. Note down the permissions, ownership and filesystem access rights of security5.fdb 4. Rename the existing security5.fdb for safekeeping 5. Restore the backup would require the security database to exist, and it would lock the file). 6. Change filesystem access rights/permissions to match the original security5.fdb For a Firebird 4 security database, it is

filesystem-level access rights to the database for this to work. On Linux, all local connections are made via the network layer, using localhost (often implicitly). Only the server process needs access rights to architectures now support safe and reliable local connec- tions, with only the server process requiring access rights to the database file. Multiprocessor SMP (symmetrical multi-processor) sup- port. Better creation of many different user accounts. Each of them can own databases and also have various types of access to databases and database objects it doesn't own. Using gsec, you can add a user account as follows

data storage structures, referential integrity mechanisms, to data manipulation capabilities and access privileges. Firebird also implements a robust procedural language — procedural SQL (PSQL) there as the argument for Restrict. If the file does not exist yet, Firebird will create it on first access.  The ability to use external files for a table depends on the value set for the ExternalFileAccess set to None (the default), any attempt to access an external file will be denied. • The Restrict setting is recommended, for restricting external file access to directories created explicitly for the

................................................................................... 27 Database Access ................................................................................................ ordinary users to make con- nection settings that could lead to database corruptions or give them access to SYSDBA-only operations. This loophole has been closed, a change that could affect several existing login is not supplied. • Embedded access without login/password works fine. On Windows, authentication is bypassed. On POSIX, the Unix user name is used to validate access to database files. The security

bin directory of the Firebird installation. It provides a command line interface for interactive access to a Firebird database. It accepts DSQL statements along with a group of SET and SHOW commands to -- toggle command echo on/off SET EXPLAIN -- toggle display of query access plan in the explained form SET HEADING -- toggle display of query column titles character set Chapter 7. Getting Help 12 SET PLAN -- toggle display of query access plan SET PLANONLY -- toggle display of query plan without executing SET SQL DIALECT

marked invalid by I/O error Firebird 2.1 Error Codes -551 335544352 no_priv No permission for @1 access to @2 @3 -551 335544790 insufficient_svc_privileges Service @1 requires SYSDBA permissions.Reattach req_max_clones_exceeded Too many concurrent executions of the same request -694 335544684 no_field_access Cannot access column @1 in view @2 Firebird 2.1 Error Codes -802 335544321 arith_except Arithmetic exception 336920577 gstat_unknown_switch Found unknown switch -901 336986113 fbsvcmgr_bad_am Wrong value for access mode -901 335740930 gfix_invalid_sw Invalid switch @1 -901 335544322 bad_dbkey Invalid database

CREATE EXCEPTION e_access_denied 'Access denied'; SET TERM !; CREATE TRIGGER trig_ddl BEFORE ANY DDL STATEMENT AS BEGIN IF (current_user <> 'SUPER_USER') THEN EXCEPTION e_access_denied; END! -- created -- Statement failed, SQLSTATE = 42000 -- exception 1 Операторы DDL 163 -- -E_ACCESS_DENIED -- -Access denied -- -At trigger 'TRIG_DDL' line: 4, col: 5 SET TERM ;! План в EXPLAIN форме: Select Expression -> Filter -> Table "STUDENTS" Access By ID -> Bitmap -> Index "IX_STUD_CLASS" Range Scan (full match)

trans_invalid Transaction marked invalid by I/O error -551 335544352 no_priv No permission for access to -551 335544790 insufficient_svc_privileges Service requires SYSDBA req_max_clones_exceeded Too many concurrent executions of the same request -694 335544684 no_field_access Cannot access column in view -802 335544321 arith_except Arithmetic exception, numeric occurred during the execution of a blob filter. -901 335544768 exception_access_violation Access violation. The code attempted to access a virtual address without privilege to do so. -901 335544769 excep