Economical, and Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Language Model DeepSeek-AI research@deepseek.com Abstract We present DeepSeek-V2, a strong Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language model characterized by economical training Evaluations on Math and Code 33 G Evaluation Formats 34 3 1. Introduction In the past few years, Large Language Models (LLMs) (Anthropic, 2023; Google, 2023; OpenAI, 2022, 2023) have undergone rapid development to tackle this problem, we introduce DeepSeek-V2, a strong open-source Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language model, characterized by economical training and efficient inference through an innovative Transformer

Summary 66 Endnotes 68 Prompt Engineering February 2025 6 Introduction When thinking about a large language model input and output, a text prompt (sometimes accompanied by other modalities such as image evaluating a prompt’s writing style and structure in relation to the task. In the context of natural language processing and LLMs, a prompt is an input provided to the model to generate a response or prediction such as text summarization, information extraction, question and answering, text classification, language or code translation, code generation, and code documentation or reasoning. Please feel free to

ever-growing digital datasets that have been in the making for over three decades; breakthrough large language models (LLMs) that – in effect – found freedom with the November 2022 launch of OpenAI’s ChatGPT 260% Annual Growth Over Fifteen Years of… Data to Train AI Models Led To… Note: Only “notable” language models shown (per Epoch AI, includes state of the art improvement on a recognized benchmark, >1K FLOPs are often used to estimate the computational cost of training or running a model. Note: Only language models shown (per Epoch AI, includes state of the art improvement on a recognized benchmark, >1K

they could offer more and better insights to clients.
 They started with three model evals: 01 Language translation Measuring the accuracy and quality of translations produced 
 by a model. 02 Summarization candidate why this specific job was recommended to them. Indeed uses the data analysis and natural language capabilities of GPT-4o mini to shape these ‘why’ statements in their emails and messages to jobseekers their 
 AI application builds. Verdi integrates language models, Python nodes, and APIs to create a scalable, consistent platform that uses natural language as a central interface. Developers now build consistently

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foundations 7 Guardrails 24 Conclusion 32 2 Practical guide to building agents Introduction Large language models are becoming increasingly capable of handling complex, multi-step tasks. Advances in reasoning security reviews. 03 Heavy reliance on unstructured data: Scenarios that involve interpreting natural language, 
 extracting meaning from documents, or interacting with 
 users conversationally, for example

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零基础必知 为了更深入理解 DeepSeek-R1，首先需要掌握 LLM 的基础知识，包括其工 作原理、架构、训练方法。 近年来，人工智能（AI）技术的快速发展催生了大型语言模型（（Large Language Model, LLM））的兴起。LLM 在自然语言处理（NLP）领域 发挥着越来越重要的作用，广泛应用于智能问答、文本生成、代码编写、机 器翻译等任务。LLM 是一种基于深度学习的人工智能模型，其核心目标是