the template Release Candidate Process GitHub template process Reference steps for the template Feature Release Process On Freeze date For the final release Testing CI / Jenkins Jobs Overview Triggering Guarantees API Reference Internals Hubble internals Hubble Architecture Cilium Operator Highly Available Cilium Operator CRD Registration IPAM KVStore operations Identity garbage collection CiliumEndpoint examples: Command Reference cilium-agent cilium cilium-health cilium-operator cilium-operator-aws cilium-operator-azure cilium-operator-generic Key-Value Store Key-Value Store Layout Leases Debugging

Release Process GitHub template process Reference steps for the template Release Candidate Process Feature Release Process On Freeze date For the final release Testing CI / Jenkins Jobs Overview Triggering Guarantees API Reference Internals Hubble internals Hubble Architecture Cilium Operator Highly Available Cilium Operator CRD Registration IPAM KVStore operations Identity garbage collection CiliumEndpoint examples: Command Reference cilium-agent cilium cilium-health cilium-operator cilium-operator-aws cilium-operator-azure cilium-operator-generic Key-Value Store Key-Value Store Layout Leases Debugging

environment for services, enabling them to be easily offloaded and ported between hosts and DPUs. The feature includes a process-level seamless offload function and a cross-host and -DPU collaboration framework Once offloaded, these processes can continue managing processes on the host side. The DPUDirect feature significantly reduces service offloading costs in DPU scenarios, simplifies O&M, and significantly can construct a working directory for the service process on the host, providing a unified cross-node file system view. • epoll collaboration supports epoll operations for cross-host access of remote

Release Process GitHub template process Reference steps for the template Release Candidate Process Feature Release Process On Freeze date For the final release Testing CI / Jenkins Jobs Overview Triggering examples: Command Reference cilium-agent cilium cilium-health cilium-operator cilium-operator-aws cilium-operator-azure cilium-operator-generic Key-Value Store Key-Value Store Layout Leases Debugging packets emitted by the application containers, allowing to validate the identity at the receiving node. Security identity management is performed using a key-value store. Secure access to and from external

Release Process GitHub template process Reference steps for the template Release Candidate Process Feature Release Process On Freeze date For the final release Testing CI / Jenkins Jobs Overview Triggering examples: Command Reference cilium-agent cilium cilium-health cilium-operator cilium-operator-aws cilium-operator-azure cilium-operator-generic Key-Value Store Key-Value Store Layout Leases Debugging packets emitted by the application containers, allowing to validate the identity at the receiving node. Security identity management is performed using a key-value store. Secure access to and from external

the log output Configuration Core Agent Monitoring & Metrics Installation cilium-agent cilium-operator Troubleshooting Component & Cluster Health Connectivity Problems Policy Troubleshooting Symptom process Backport Criteria Backporting guide Generic Release Process Release Candidate Process Feature Release Process On Freeze date For the final release Testing CI / Jenkins Jobs Overview Triggering Command examples: Kubernetes examples: Command Reference cilium-agent cilium cilium-health cilium-operator Key-Value Store Key-Value Store Layout Leases Debugging Further Reading Related Material Presentations

Troubleshoo�ng Monitoring & Metrics Exported Metrics Cilium as a Kubernetes pod Cilium as a host-agent on a node Troubleshoo�ng Component & Cluster Health Connec�vity Problems Policy Troubleshoo�ng Automa�c Diagnosis network packets emi�ed by the applica�on containers, allowing to validate the iden�ty at the receiving node. Security iden�ty management is performed using a key-value store. Secure access to and from external This means that each host can allocate IPs without any coordina�on between hosts. The following mul� node networking models are supported: Overlay: Encapsula�on based virtual network spawning all hosts.

Kubernetes Endpoint Lifecycle Troubleshooting Monitoring & Metrics Installation cilium-agent cilium-operator Troubleshooting Component & Cluster Health Connectivity Problems Policy Troubleshooting Symptom Command examples: Kubernetes examples: Command Reference cilium-agent cilium cilium-health cilium-operator Key-Value Store Key-Value Store Layout Leases Debugging Further Reading Related Material Presentations packets emitted by the application containers, allowing to validate the identity at the receiving node. Security identity management is performed using a key-value store. Secure access to and from external

eggo: OSs can be installed with one click for ARM and x86 hybrid clusters, while deployment of a 100-node cluster is possible within just 15 minutes. Scenario-specific innovations: • Edge computing: openEuler provide byte-level access. The popular kernel file system EXT4 can work with the Direct Access (DAX) feature to improve the data read and write performance of NVDIMMs. However, in terms of metadata management rmdir). EulerFS delivers much shorter latency and higher bandwidth over EXT4 and DAX alternatives. Feature Description • Hash table directory: Hash tables are used to manage directory entries, improving

to the account and offers the multiuser environment. This multiuser environment is a great Unix feature, and very addictive. If you are in the GUI environment, you gain access to the character console Reference 9 / 238 character meaning - normal file d directory l symlink c character device node b block device node p named pipe s socket Table 1.4: List of the first character of ”ls -l” output • Name a major disaster. So be cautious. Note For the normal access to a printer, use lp(1). The device node number are displayed by executing ls(1) as the following. $ ls -l /dev/sda /dev/sr0 /dev/ttyS0 /dev/zero