OTel目前已经成为可观测性方案开源标准，标准的好处就是有了很多选择。 OpenTelemetry OTel 组件 • API • SDK • Exporter • Collector OTel Collector • Receiver • Processor • Exporter 微服务业务架构图 项目工程layout 遥测数据处理架构 链路追踪 第二部分  无所不在的部署 Header来存取这个对象，最后达到传播的效果， TraceContext就是一个Context上下文对象。 Inject Extract 数据流转 使用Collector的好处在于一些 计算操作可以再Collector中统 一处理，一些逻辑如压缩、过滤、 配置变更等可以集中到 Collector中实现，服务只需要 实现很薄的一层埋点、采样逻辑 即可，这也能使得链路追踪对业 务服务本身的影响降到最低。 链路追踪分析 t）中，后续可通 过指定区间筛选样本，也可以统计样本总数。 插桩(Hook) 指标数据 指标计算 数据流转 使用Collector的好处在于一些 计算操作可以再Collector中统 一处理，一些逻辑如压缩、过滤、 配置变更等可以集中到 Collector中实现，服务只需要 实现很薄的一层埋点、采样逻辑 即可，这也能使得链路追踪对业 务服务本身的影响降到最低。 数据大盘

Monday, November 2, 2009 Garbage collector 6g has a simple but effective mark-and-sweep collector. Work is underway to develop the ideas in IBM's Recycler garbage collector* to build a very efficient, low-latency concurrent collector. Gccgo at the moment has no collector; the new collector is being developed for both compilers. * http://www.research.ibm.com/people/d/dfb/papers.html Monday, November

gtfiles: The names of any files that must be examined for the GTY markings used by the gcc garbage collector. • lang_dirs: Other top level Makefile targets that should be built if the language is built. Gccgo an expression to a type. 6.4 Frontend GTY Support In order to support gcc’s internal garbage collector, the language frontend must define certain types. These types do not need to be used, but they must Runtime support copied from the gc Go com- piler. This is mainly the memory allocator and the garbage collector. • Runtime support code called by code generated by gccgo. 7.1 Go Library Differences These are

Opentelemetry-go SDK Collector Collector Storage backend Storage backend Grpc Instrumentation gin Instrumentation ApplicationB Opentelemetry-go SDK Collector Collector Storage backend Storage

virtual machine.Memory management is implemented using the Boehm-Demers-Weiser conservative garbage collector. The binary distribution is located here: http://www.unicorn-enterprises.com/download/express_go in that Directory). Garbage collector: 6g has a simple but effective mark-and-sweep collector. Work is underway to develop the ideas in IBM’s Recycler garbage collector to build a very efficient, low-latency concurrent collector. Gccgo at the moment has no collector; the new collector is being developed for both compilers. Having a garbage-collected language doesn’t mean you can ignore memory

Go 1.4 runtime Gopher China 2015 1. Memory Allocator 2. Garbage Collector 3. Goroutine Scheduler 1. Memory Allocator 内存分配器 base on tcmalloc. 基于成熟方案，性能优秀。随着版本升级， 针对性改进，以期与垃圾回收器更好协作。 核心：自主管理，缓存复用，无锁分配。 为管理对象分配内存，不占用预留地址。 arena mem cache span span ... span: 管理内存块的元数据。 allspans: 垃圾回收遍历。 2. Garbage Collector 垃圾回收器 gc. 阈值触发，并行标记，并发清理。 定期强制回收，释放物理内存。 版本升级，垃圾回收效率总是核心问题。 gogc. 阈值检查，或强制回收。 malloc next_gc stack … G G … mark mark mark markroot scanblock heap.bitmap Go 1.5: concurrent pauseless collector. sweep. 串行，或与用户逻辑并发执行。 gc eagersweep concurrent goroutine bgsweep starttheworld mem allocator

• 没有对象头 垃圾回收 • 并发->精确 • 是否分代？压缩？增量？ Go1.5 GC • Go's new garbage collector is a concurrent, tri- color, mark-sweep collector 垃圾回收 • 研究问题：最适合Go的垃圾回收算法是什么？ ⼤大纲 • 并发 • 接⼝口 • 垃圾回收 • 调度 •

the relations between Go values and memory blocks is very helpful to understand how a garbage collector works and how to avoid memory leaking. 4. Views interface values as boxes for wrapping non-interface considered to make decisions. Too many pointer copies may cause heavier workload for garbage collector. If the size of a value receiver type is large, then the receiver argument copy cost may be not uintptr values. Fact 2: unused memory blocks may be collected at any time At run time, the garbage collector may run at an uncertain time, and each garbage collection process may last an uncertain duration

the relations between Go values and memory blocks is very helpful to understand how a garbage collector works and how to avoid memory leaking. 4. Views interface values as boxes for wrapping non-interface be considered to make decisions. Too many pointer copies may cause heavier workload for garbage collector. If the size of a value receiver type is large, then the receiver argument copy cost may be not uintptr values. Fact 2: unused memory blocks may be collected at any time At run time, the garbage collector may run at an uncertain time, and each garbage collection process may last an uncertain duration

the relations between Go values and memory blocks is very helpful to understand how a garbage collector works and how to avoid memory leaking. 4. Views interface values as boxes for wrapping non-interface be considered to make decisions. Too many pointer copies may cause heavier workload for garbage collector. If the size of a value receiver type is large, then the receiver argument copy cost may be not Pointers 297 Fact 2: unused memory blocks may be collected at any time At run time, the garbage collector may run at an uncertain time, and each garbage collection process may last an uncertain duration