SQLAlchemy i About the Tutorial SQLAlchemy is a popular SQL toolkit and Object Relational Mapper. It is written in Python and gives full power and flexibility of SQL to an application SQLAlchemy is famous for its object-relational mapper (ORM), using which classes can be mapped to the database, thereby allowing the object model and database schema to develop in a cleanly decoupled assume you have a good understanding of the Python programming language. A basic understanding of relational databases, DB- API, and SQL is desired to understand this tutorial. Copyright & Disclaimer

tests Optional dependencies Quickstart Model Definition Storing data Retrieving Data Closing the database Working with existing databases What next? Example app Running the example Diving into the code Aggregation Recursion Database Initializing a Database Using Postgresql Using SQLite Using MySQL Connecting using a Database URL Run-time database configuration Dynamically defining a database Connection Management Connection Pooling Framework Integration Executing Queries Managing Transactions Database Errors Logging queries Adding a new Database Driver Models and Fields Fields Creating model tables Model options and

the database Working with existing databases What next? Example app Running the example Diving into the code More examples Contributing Patches Bugs Questions Database Initializing a Database Using Using Postgresql Using SQLite Using MySQL Connecting using a Database URL Run-time database configuration Dynamically defining a database Connection Management Connection Pooling Testing Peewee Applications with Gevent Framework Integration Executing Queries Managing Transactions Database Errors Logging queries Adding a new Database Driver Models and Fields Fields Creating model tables Model options and

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1.5 Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . installation by running the test suite. python runtests.py You can test specific features or specific database drivers using the runtests.py script. To view the available test runner options, use: python runtests MySQL you need to create a database named “peewee_test”. To test the Postgres extension module, you will also want to install the HStore extension in the postgres test database: -- install the hstore extension

Compilation of SQLite Extensions Quickstart Model Definition Storing data Retrieving Data Closing the database Working with existing databases What next? Example app Running the example Diving into the code Aggregation Recursion Database Initializing a Database Using Postgresql Using SQLite Using MySQL Connecting using a Database URL Run-time database configuration Dynamically defining a database Connection Management with Gevent Framework Integration Executing Queries Managing Transactions Database Errors Logging queries Adding a new Database Driver Models and Fields Fields Field-naming conflicts Creating model tables

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1.6 Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . installation by running the test suite. python runtests.py You can test specific features or specific database drivers using the runtests.py script. To view the available test runner options, use: python runtests MySQL you need to create a database named “peewee_test”. To test the Postgres extension module, you will also want to install the HStore extension in the postgres test database: -- install the hstore extension

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1.6 Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . installation by running the test suite. python runtests.py You can test specific features or specific database drivers using the runtests.py script. To view the available test runner options, use: python runtests MySQL you need to create a database named “peewee_test”. To test the Postgres extension module, you will also want to install the HStore extension in the postgres test database: -- install the hstore extension

tests Optional dependencies Quickstart Model Definition Storing data Retrieving Data Closing the database Working with existing databases What next? Example app Running the example Diving into the code Aggregation Recursion Database Initializing a Database Using Postgresql Using SQLite Using MySQL Connecting using a Database URL Run-time database configuration Dynamically defining a database Connection Management Applications Framework Integration Executing Queries Managing Transactions Database Errors Logging queries Adding a new Database Driver Models and Fields Fields Creating model tables Model options and

the database Working with existing databases What next? Example app Running the example Diving into the code More examples Contributing Patches Bugs Questions Database Initializing a Database Using Using Postgresql Using SQLite Using MySQL Connecting using a Database URL Run-time database configuration Dynamically defining a database Connection Management Connection Pooling Testing Peewee Applications with Gevent Framework Integration Executing Queries Managing Transactions Database Errors Logging queries Adding a new Database Driver Models and Fields Fields Creating model tables Model options and

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.5 Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . installation by running the test suite. python runtests.py You can test specific features or specific database drivers using the runtests.py script. To view the available test runner options, use: python runtests MySQL you need to create a database named “peewee_test”. To test the Postgres extension module, you will also want to install the HStore extension in the postgres test database: -- install the hstore extension