before starting to learn the last “coolest” framework we should always ask ourself if it is the right tool for us and how it can improve our everyday job. Java’s ecosystem is already full of many well-known a component’s state is allowed afterwards. If we want to add/remove child components this is the right place to do it. In the next example (project LifeCycleStages) we will create a page which alternately stateful pages. Knowing the difference between the two types of pages is important to build the right page for a given task. However, to complete the discussion about stateless pages we still have to

before starting to learn the last “coolest” framework we should always ask ourself if it is the right tool for us and how it can improve our everyday job. Java’s ecosystem is already full of many well-known chance to change its children hierarchy. If we want add/remove children components this is the right place to do it. In the next example (project LifeCycleStages) we will create a page which alternately stateful pages. Knowing the difference between the two types of pages is important to build the right page for a given task. 50 However, to complete the discussion about stateless pages we still have

before starting to learn the last “coolest” framework we should always ask ourself if it is the right tool for us and how it can improve our everyday job. Java’s ecosystem is already full of many well-known a component’s state is allowed afterwards. If we want to add/remove child components this is the right place to do it. In the next example (project LifeCycleStages) we will create a page which alternately stateful pages. Knowing the difference between the two types of pages is important to build the right page for a given task. However, to complete the discussion about stateless pages we still have to

before starting to learn the last “coolest” framework we should always ask ourself if it is the right tool for us and how it can improve our everyday job. Java’s ecosystem is already full of many well-known a component’s state is allowed afterwards. If we want to add/remove child components this is the right place to do it. In the next example (project LifeCycleStages) we will create a page which alternately stateful pages. Knowing the difference between the two types of pages is important to build the right page for a given task. However, to complete the discussion about stateless pages we still have to

if (n == 0) return null; TreeNode root = new TreeNode(0); root.left = buildTree(n - 1); root.right = buildTree(n - 1); return root; } 2. 复杂度分析 hello‑algo.com 34 Figure 2‑13. 满二叉树产生的指数阶空间复杂度 对数阶 int val; // 结点值 TreeNode left; // 左子结点指针 TreeNode right; // 右子结点指针 TreeNode(int x) { val = x; } } 结点的两个指针分别指向「左子结点 Left Child Node」和「右子结点 Right Child Node」，并且称该结点为 两个子结点的「父结点 Parent Node」。给定二叉树某 new TreeNode(4); TreeNode n5 = new TreeNode(5); // 构建引用指向（即指针） n1.left = n2; n1.right = n3; n2.left = n4; n2.right = n5; 插入与删除结点。与链表类似，插入与删除结点都可以通过修改指针实现。 Figure 7‑3. 在二叉树中插入与删除结点 // === File: binary_tree

if (n == 0) return null; TreeNode root = new TreeNode(0); root.left = buildTree(n - 1); root.right = buildTree(n - 1); return root; } 2. 复杂度分析 hello‑algo.com 34 Figure 2‑13. 满二叉树产生的指数阶空间复杂度 对数阶 int val; // 结点值 TreeNode left; // 左子结点指针 TreeNode right; // 右子结点指针 TreeNode(int x) { val = x; } } 结点的两个指针分别指向「左子结点 Left Child Node」和「右子结点 Right Child Node」，并且称该结点为 两个子结点的「父结点 Parent Node」。给定二叉树某 new TreeNode(4); TreeNode n5 = new TreeNode(5); // 构建引用指向（即指针） n1.left = n2; n1.right = n3; n2.left = n4; n2.right = n5; 插入与删除结点。与链表类似，插入与删除结点都可以通过修改指针实现。 Figure 7‑3. 在二叉树中插入与删除结点 // === File: binary_tree

if (n == 0) return null; TreeNode root = new TreeNode(0); root.left = buildTree(n - 1); root.right = buildTree(n - 1); return root; } Figure 2‑13. 满二叉树产生的指数阶空间复杂度 对数阶 ?(log ?) 对数阶常见于分治算法和数据类型转换等。 「值」和两个「指针」。 /* 二叉树节点类 */ class TreeNode { int val; // 节点值 TreeNode left; // 左子节点指针 TreeNode right; // 右子节点指针 TreeNode(int x) { val = x; } } 节点的两个指针分别指向「左子节点」和「右子节点」，同时该节点被称为这两个子节点的「父节点」。当给 定一 n5 = new TreeNode(5); 7. 树 hello‑algo.com 114 // 构建引用指向（即指针） n1.left = n2; n1.right = n3; n2.left = n4; n2.right = n5; 插入与删除节点。与链表类似，通过修改指针来实现插入与删除节点。 Figure 7‑3. 在二叉树中插入与删除节点 // === File: binary_tree

if (n == 0) return null; TreeNode root = new TreeNode(0); root.left = buildTree(n - 1); root.right = buildTree(n - 1); return root; } 第 2 章 复杂度分析 hello‑algo.com 48 图 2‑19 满二叉树产生的指数阶空间复杂度 5. 对数阶 val; // 节点值 TreeNode left; // 左子节点引用 TreeNode right; // 右子节点引用 TreeNode(int x) { val = x; } } 每个节点都有两个引用（指针），分别指向「左子节点 left‑child node」和「右子节点 right‑child node」， 该节点被称为这两个子节点的「父节点 parent node」。当给 node」。当给定一个二叉树的节点时，我们将该节点的左子 节点及其以下节点形成的树称为该节点的「左子树 left subtree」，同理可得「右子树 right subtree」。 在二叉树中，除叶节点外，其他所有节点都包含子节点和非空子树。如图 7‑1 所示，如果将“节点 2”视为父 节点，则其左子节点和右子节点分别是“节点 4”和“节点 5”，左子树是“节点 4 及其以下节点形成的树”， 右子树是“节点

if (n == 0) return null; TreeNode root = new TreeNode(0); root.left = buildTree(n - 1); root.right = buildTree(n - 1); return root; } 第 2 章 复杂度分析 hello‑algo.com 48 图 2‑19 满二叉树产生的指数阶空间复杂度 5. 对数阶 int val; // 节点值 TreeNode left; // 左子节点引用 TreeNode right; // 右子节点引用 TreeNode(int x) { val = x; } } 每个节点都有两个引用（指针），分别指向左子节点（left‑child node）和右子节点（right‑child node），该节点 被称为这两个子节点的父节点（parent node）。当给定一 node）。当给定一个二叉树的节点时，我们将该节点的左子节点及其 以下节点形成的树称为该节点的左子树（left subtree），同理可得右子树（right subtree）。 在二叉树中，除叶节点外，其他所有节点都包含子节点和非空子树。如图 7‑1 所示，如果将“节点 2”视为父 节点，则其左子节点和右子节点分别是“节点 4”和“节点 5”，左子树是“节点 4 及其以下节点形成的树”， 右子树是“节点 5 及其以下节点形成的树”。

if (n == 0) return null; TreeNode root = new TreeNode(0); root.left = buildTree(n - 1); root.right = buildTree(n - 1); return root; } 第 2 章 复杂度分析 hello‑algo.com 46 图 2‑19 满二叉树产生的指数阶空间复杂度 5. 对数阶 val; // 节点值 TreeNode left; // 左子节点引用 TreeNode right; // 右子节点引用 TreeNode(int x) { val = x; } } 每个节点都有两个引用（指针），分别指向「左子节点 left‑child node」和「右子节点 right‑child node」， 该节点被称为这两个子节点的「父节点 parent node」。当给 node」。当给定一个二叉树的节点时，我们将该节点的左子 节点及其以下节点形成的树称为该节点的「左子树 left subtree」，同理可得「右子树 right subtree」。 在二叉树中，除叶节点外，其他所有节点都包含子节点和非空子树。如图 7‑1 所示，如果将“节点 2”视为父 节点，则其左子节点和右子节点分别是“节点 4”和“节点 5”，左子树是“节点 4 及其以下节点形成的树”， 右子树是“节点